Karakteristik Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang Target Dan Indikator Di Perairan Taman Nasional Komodo

Abstract

Perairan karang Taman Nasional Komodo merupakan wilayah penangkapan ikan dan daerah tujuan wisata laut. Kondisi tutupan karang pada umumnya sudah di bawah 50%, namun dampak yang akan muncul terhadap ikan karang belum diteliti dan hal ini dibutuhkan bagi pengelolaan kawasan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan karakteristik struktur komunitas ikan karang, meliputi komposisi, sebaran, kepadatan stok, dan biomassa ikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2019 dengan mengunakan metode sensus bawah air pada transek garis permanen untuk masing-masing stasiun penelitian. Sensus visual mendapatkan 128 spesies ikan target dari 21 suku dan 30 spesies ikan indikator dari suku Chaetodontidae. Rata-rata kepadatan stok ikan target dan ikan indikator adalah masing-masing 182 ± 67 individu/350m2 dan 35 ± 15 individu/350m2. Ukuran panjang ikan terbanyak antara 15 cm – 30 cm. Biomassa ikan target sebesar 1.174 ± 617 kg/hektar. Ikan karang target dan ikan indikator yang memiliki sebaran luas masing-masing 13 spesies dan 2 spesies . Komposisi kehadiran jenis ikan target di lokasi penelitian hanya 3% yang berdistribusi sangat tinggi, 7% berdistribusi tinggi, 18% berdistribusi sedang, 21% berdistribusi rendah dan 51% berdistribusi sangat rendah. Sementara jenis-jenis ikan indikator yang intensitas distribusinya sangat tinggi dan tinggi hanya 7%, dan lainnya tergolong sedang (23%), rendah (40%) sampai sangat rendah (23%). Kondisi sebaran spesies diduga menyebabkan keanekaragaman ikan karang pada keseluruhan lokasi penelitian terhitung tinggi, tetapi rendah untuk masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Semua lokasi di dalam kawasan taman nasional maupun diluar taman diperlukan pemantauan dengan porsi yang sama dan dilakukan secara berkala.Coral Reef Waters of Komodo National Park are fishing grounds and marine tourism destinations. The last condition of coral cover percentages of the regions have sustained below of 50%, however, their future potential impacts on fishes have not been studied and these will be needed in other to manage the regions. The study aimed to update reef fishes data in terms of some features of a community reef fish structure including composition, distribution, density, and biomass. A study was carried out in June, 2019 by using an underwater census visual at a permanent transect belt in the respective study sites. A total of 128 target fish species were recorded belonging to 21 families and 30 indicator fish species of Cahetodontidae were succesfully identified. The density mean of target and indicator fishes are 182 ± 67 individual/350m2 and 35 ± 15 individual/350m2, respectively. Most of fish sizes ranged from 15 cm to 30 cm. The biomass mean of target fishes are 1,174 ± 617 kg/hectare. Only for 13 species of target fishes that have high distribution in overall the study sites and 2 species of indicator fishes, as well. Composition present of target reef fishes in the distribution area given were in levels of 3% very high, 7% high, 18% fair, 21% low,and 51% veri low. Meanwhile, those for indicator fishes were in levels of 7% very high and high, 23% fair, 40% low, and 23% veri low. There was mayor significant diversity of reef fishes for overall study sites, however those was minor for respective study sites.The whole locations weather in-side or out-side of Komodo National Park need the equal portion for priodical monitoring.

Struktur Populasi Ikan Baronang pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Pesisir Pulau Bintan

“…Hal tersebut diduga karena Siganus puncatissimus merupakan jenis ikan baronang yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang sehingga kemunculannya sangat sedikit di ekosistem lamun. Menurut Indrawati et al (2020), salah satu jenis ikan dari family Siganidae yang merupakan ikan target di terumbu karang adalah Siganus puncatissimus. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, kondisi padang lamun yang berada di Desa Teluk Bakau tidak memiliki jarak yang cukup jauh dengan ekosistem terumbu karang.…”

Reef fish community structure in the islands of Paraja Bay, Pandeglang District, Banten, Indonesia

“…The visual census sampling methods did at a depth of 3-4 meters on each island's side (west, south, east and north). Data collected of reef fish using the belt transect method (English et al 1997;Hill and Wilkinson 2004) along 50 meters with a line transect can be 2.5 meters right side and 2.5 meters left side (Figure 2). Placement of the transect line at a depth of 3-4 meters (shallow water) because it is closely to related the life patterns of reef fish and other organisms in coral reef ecosystems, so descriptions of the life patterns between biota can be clearly to explain (Mujiyanto et al 2020).…”

“…Different groups of target fish, such as grouper (Serranidae), snapper (Lutjanidae), Lencam (Lethrinidae), fat lips (Haemulidae), baronang (Siganidae), butane (Acanthuridae), cockatoo (Scaridae), labrid (Labridae), jackfruit seeds (Mullidae) and sand curry (Scolopsidae) are different types of reef fish common in coral reef ecosystems (Allen et al 2013). These fish groups like coral caves, these fish groups also migrate (Allen et al 2013;Indrawati et al 2020). Observations on Badul Island, Mangir Island, Oar Island, Umag Island and Sumur Island show that not all types of fish groups are found in all research sites.…”

“…Besides, added that the diversity of Chaetodontidae in Banda was determined by the excellent diversity index of coral reefs in the region. As many as 194 coral species have been found in Banggai waters (Siringoringo and Hadi 2015;Indrawati et al 2020), and more than 300 coral species have been counted from Lamalera (Bachtiar et al 2012). Bellwood et al (2010) state that many reef fish of the Chaetodontidae family eat coral polyps so that if the coral reefs in an area are healthy, they will invite these fish to live in the area because they have sufficient food.…”

Reviews: Komodo National Park as a conservation area for the komodo species (Varanus komodoensis) and sustainable tourism (ecotourism)

“…Meanwhile, the species of fish found in the waters of Komodo National Park include Cheilinus fasciatus, Scarus flavipectoralis, Ctenochaetus striatus, Scolopsis margaritifera, Hemigymnus melapterus, Mobula birostris, Scarus dimidiatus, Ctenochaetus binotatus, Pentapodus trivittatus, Parupenetic Zebrasoma scopas (Indrawati et al 2020). In addition, the diversity of fauna such as reef fish is also abundant.…”