This study evaluated seedling traits (shoot/root length, fresh and dry weights of shoots/roots, number of leaves, shoot diameter), phosphorus (P) content, mycorrhizal colonization (MC), and relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) of 21 common bean genotypes inoculated by 4 different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [Glomus intraradices (Gi), Glomus mosseae (Gm), Gigaspora margarita (Gim), and commercial AMF (cAMF)] in a growth chamber under controlled growing conditions. With the exception of shoot diameter, inoculated plants had better seedling traits than noninoculated plants. P content of shoot was also higher in inoculated plants than in noninoculated plants. Of the 20 genotypes and Nadide cv. examined, 5 responded positively and 3 responded negatively to inoculation with all AMF types. Great variations in RMD and MC were observed, with the highest RMD and MC in the T120 (69.54%) and T71 (81.09%) genotypes and the lowest in the V77 (1.26%) and V78 (31.42%) genotypes. Positive correlations were found between RMD and seedling traits, with the exception of shoot length as well as root length, P content, and colonization. MC was significantly correlated only with P content.
Öz: Bu çalışmada Van Gölü Havzası'ndan toplanmış olan 20 adet fasulye genotipinde tuz stresinin etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tuz uygulaması 0 mM, 25 mM ve 50 mM NaCl konsantrasyonu olmak üzere üç şekilde belirlenmiş olup, bitkiler iklim odası koşullarında yetiştirilmiştir. Stresin etkisini belirlemek için antioksidan miktarı, toplam fenol ve bazı besin element içerikleri (P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn ve Zn) değerlendirilmiştir. Tuza tolerans bakımından incelenen parametrelerde genotiplerin farklı tepkiler gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Tuz stresi altındaki bitkilerin kontrole göre değişim oranları incelendiğinde, tuz dozunun artmasıyla beraber toplam fenol içeriği ve antioksidan miktarının yüksek oranda azalış gösterdiği, tuz stresinin genotipler üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeşil aksamda her iki tuz dozunda P içeriğinin, 50 mM tuzda Fe içeriğinin arttığı; 25 mM ve 50 mM tuz dozlarında Mg, Cu ve Zn içeriklerinin, 50 mM NaCl uygulamasında ise Mn içeriğinin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Kökte Fe, Mg and Mn içeriklerinin 25 mM 'de azaldığı ve P, Mg, Cu, Mn ve Zn içeriklerinin tuz dozu arttıkça artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan G9 ve G30 nolu genotiplerin her iki tuz konsantrasyonunda gösterdiği tolerans seviyesinin yüksek olduğu, G31, G49 ve G94 genotiplerinin hem 25 mM hem de 50 mM tuz konsantrasyonlarında hassas oldukları belirlenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Fasulye, NaCl, Toplam antioksidan kapasitesi, Toplam fenol Abstract: In this study, the effects of salt stress on 20 bean genotypes collected from Lake Van Basin were investigated. The salt application was treated in 0 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM NaCl concentrations, and then the plants were grown in growth chamber conditions. To determine the effect of stress, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and some nutrient elements content (P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were evaluated. In the parameters examined in terms of tolerance to the salt, the genotypes showed different responses. When the rate of change of the plants response to salt stress according to control was examined, it was determined that with the increase in salt doses, total phenolic and total antioxidant capacity decreased at high rate and salt stress had a negative effect on genotypes. It was found that the contents of P in both doses and Fe at 50 mM were increased in shoot, while the contents of Mg, Cu and Zn at 25 mM and 50 mM, Mn at 50 mM were decreased. In the root, the contents of Fe, Mg and Mn were decreased at 25 mM, and P, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn contents were detected to increase with the increase in salt doses as well as. The genotypes G9 and G30 showed high levels of tolerance in both salt concentrations and the genotypes G31, G49 and G94 were found to be sensitive to both 25 mM and 50 mM salt concentrations. GirişEkonomik öneme sahip bitkilerin pek çoğu tuzluluğa karşı duyarlıdır. Tuzluluk bitkilerde büyüme ve gelişme, yaprak alanı, tomurcuk oluşumu ve stomalar üzerine olumsuz etki yaparak verimde önemli oranda düşüşlere neden olan önemli bir abiyotik stres faktörüdür...
In this study, the resistance levels to anthracnose disease [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lambs. Scrib.] of 92 bean genotypes collected from different parts of the Lake Van Basin were investigated by artificial inoculation and molecular markers. The resistance levels of bean genotypes to the isolate 11# of anthracnose disease were determined by classical inoculation method in a climate chamber condition, and the presence of resistance gene related markers in bean genotypes was determined by using four SCAR primers [SAS13 (950 bp, Co-42), SC08 (910 bp, Co-4), SF10 (1072 bp, Co-10), SZ04 (567 bp, Co-6)] and one RAPD [OA181500 (1500 bp, Co-15)] primer. In the artificial inoculation, the bean genotypes were evaluated according to the 0-9 scale, and the four of them having a value between 0 and 3 were found as resistant to this isolate of anthracnose, but the rest of them having a value between 4 and 9 were determined as sensitive. With molecular markers, it was found that the 82 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-42 allele; the 54 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-4 allele; the 6 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-10 allele; the 36 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-6 allele; and the 15 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-15 allele. The only bean genotype having all resistance markers was the genotype G81, whereas the bean genotypes G27, G28, G40, G76, and G86 had no resistance associated molecular markers.
Bu çalışmada, 20 adet farklı fasulye genotipine 25 mM ve 50 mM tuz (NaCI) dozları uygulanarak, tuz stresine gösterdikleri tepkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tuz uygulaması sulama suyu ile birlikte 4 gün arka arkaya uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda fasulye genotiplerinde tuzluluğa toleransı belirlemek için 0-5 skalası, sürgün-kök uzunluğu, yaprak sayısı, sürgün çapı, sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları ve sürgünlerde besin elementi (Na, Ca ve K) içerikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, genotipler arasında tuza tolerans bakımından önemli farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. 0-5 skalasına göre özellikle 50 mM tuz dozu uygulanan grupta önemli gelişme geriliği olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Uygulanan tuz konsantrasyonu artışına paralel olarak sürgün boyu, yaprak sayısı, sürgün çapı, sürgün yaş ağırlığı, K, K/Na ve Ca/Na oranlarının azaldığı; Ca ve Na miktarının ise arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
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