Reducing dialysate sodium concentration reduced ED, and provided better control of IDWG and BP, but increased dialysis-related symptoms.

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Objective: To determine daily sodium intake in ‘real practice’ in a large group of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were under regular follow-up in a nephrology clinic. Methods: A total of 373 consecutive outpatients with CKD stages 1–5 (not on dialysis; men: 52.3%, mean age: 51.6 ± 15.4 years) were included in the study. All patients had at least 3 or more nephrology visits and received information on reducing their sodium intake. Data for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, number of antihypertensive medications and 2 consecutive 24-hour urinary sodium levels were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Results: The mean 24-hour urinary sodium levels of 2 consecutive urine samples were 168.8 ± 70.3 and 169.3 ± 67.4 mEq/day (p > 0.05). Only 14.7% of the patients had a sodium excretion <100 mmol/day. There was no difference in daily sodium intake from stages 1 to 4, but it was significantly lower in stage 5 (126.6 ± 60.5 mEq/day, p < 0.05). No relation was found between 24-hour urinary sodium output, number of antihypertensives or thiazide use. Conclusions: This study showed that almost 85% of CKD patients under regular nephrologic care were consuming more sodium than the recommended level. More robust measures should be devised to increase patient and physician compliance with reducing sodium intake in CKD.

Urinary AGT levels are higher in renal AA amyloidosis patients than in controls. Also, there is a significant positive correlation between urinary AGT and proteinuria in renal AA amyloidosis.

Serum iron parameters were not adequate to detect iron overload and HFE gene mutation was found to be an important risk factor for iron accumulation.

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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic correlation of the glomerular diseases and to compare the presentations of primary and secondary glomerular diseases. Methods: Two hundred and sixty adult patients (men = 56.2%, mean age = 39.9 ± 16.0 years) who had undergone renal biopsy and been diagnosed with glomerular disease were retrospectively investigated. The information about the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the indications for biopsy, the laboratory parameters, and the pathological results of the biopsies were obtained from the medical records. Primary and secondary glomerulonephritis (GN) groups were compared in terms of their demographic characteristics, indications for biopsy, and laboratory parameters. Results: Percent of patients with primary and secondary GN were 63.5% and 36.5%, respectively. The most common indication for biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (53.8%) in all patients. It was found that presentation with impaired renal function was more prevalent in the secondary GN group when compared with the primary GN group (54.7% vs. 35.8%, p < 0.05). Among the inflammation parameters, the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to be significantly higher in the secondary GN group when compared with the primary GN group (ESR = 85.2 ± 30.4 mm/h vs. 56.3 ± 30.7 mm/h, p < 0.001; CRP = 42.1 ± 39.6 mg/L vs. 21.7 ± 40.2 mg/L, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The clinicopathologic correlation of GN was found similar with the larger studies in the literature. This study also indicated that the rate of patients with secondary GN was not low, and the inflammation parameters were higher in the secondary GN groups.