• A stochastic programming approach is proposed to model TS and ESS sizing simultaneously. • The model considers DSM and renewable energy curtailment policies with various limits. • The effect of TS on total cost, sizes, locations of ESS are discussed. • We find that TS is noteworthy to analyze for power systems with renewable targets.
We propose a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model for a hybrid energy system. • We investigate the solar and PHES integration considering the streamflow uncertainty. • We study the benefit of PHES system over conventional hydropower systems to support solar. • We examine the role of PHES systems in both isolated and connected systems.
Probabilistic realizations of outages and their effects on the operational costs are highly overlooked aspects in power system expansion planning. Since the effect of randomness in contingencies can be more prominent especially when transmission switching is considered, in this paper we introduce contingency-dependent transmission switching concept to ensure N-1 criterion. To include randomness of outages and the outputs (i.e. flow on the lines/generation amounts) during the outages, we represent each contingency by a single scenario. Status of transmission lines, generation amounts and power flow decisions are defined as recourse actions of our two-stage stochastic model, therefore, expected operational cost during the contingencies are taken into account in a more accurate manner. A solution methodology with a filtering technique is also proposed to overcome the computational burden. The model and the solution methodology are tested on the IEEE Reliability Test System and IEEE 118-bus power system and the results show that the solution method finds the solutions for these power systems in significantly shorter solution times. The solution method is also tested on a new data set for the 380-kV Turkish transmission network. Suggestions for possible extensions of the problem and the modifications of the solution approach to handle these extensions are also discussed.
For electric grids that rely primarily on liquid fuel based power generation for energy provision, e.g. one or more diesel gensets, measures to allow a larger fraction of intermittent sources can pay-off since the displaced is high cost diesel powered generation. This paper presents a case study of Sao Vicente, located in Cape Verde where a particularly high fraction of wind capacity of 5.950 MW (75% of the average demand) is installed, with diesel gensets forming the dispatchable source of power. This high penetration of intermittent power is managed through conservative forecasting and curtailments. Two potential approaches to reduce curtailments are examined in this paper: 1) an improved wind speed forecasting using a rolling horizon ARIMA model; and 2) energy storage. This case study shows that combining renewable energy forecasting and energy storage is a promising solution which enhances diesel fuel savings as well as enables the isolated grid to further increase the annual renewable energy penetration from the current 30.4% up to 38% while reducing grid unreliability. In general, since renewable energy forecasting ensures more accurate scheduling and energy storage absorbs scheduling error, this solution is applicable to any small size isolated power grid with large renewable energy penetration.
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