Background/aim: To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity of the major molecule from Salvia sp., rosmarinic acid, as a drug candidate molecule for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).
Materials and methods:The AChE inhibitory activity of different extracts from Salvia trichoclada, Salvia verticillata, and Salvia fruticosa was determined by the Ellman and isolated guinea pig ileum methods, and the antioxidant capacity was determined with DPPH. The AChE inhibitory activity of the major molecule rosmarinic acid was determined by in silico docking and isolated guinea pig ileum methods.
Results:The methanol extract of Salvia trichoclada showed the highest inhibition on AChE. The same extract and rosmarinic acid showed significant contraction responses on isolated guinea pig ileum. All the extracts and rosmarinic acid showed high radical scavenging capacities. Docking results of rosmarinic acid showed high affinity to the selected target, AChE.
Conclusion:In this study in vitro and ex vivo studies and in silico docking research of rosmarinic acid were used simultaneously for the first time. Rosmarinic acid showed promising results in all the methods tested.
ABSTRACT:A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method with a Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector is developed for the simultaneous analysis of seven kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin derivatives along with an acylated flavonoid glycoside; trans-tiliroside from different Cistus species. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the methanolic extracts of three Cistus species (C. creticus L., C. laurifolius L. and C. salviifolius L.) growing in Anatolia in terms of characterization of flavonoid compounds were performed by RP-HPLC for the first time. Trans-tiliroside, a mono-coumaroyl kaempferol glucoside was found to be the most abundant flavonoid in C. salviifolius (0.276±0.003 g/100 gextract) and C. creticus (0.253±0.001 g/100 gextract) while hyperin (0.149±0.004 g/100 gextract) and myricetin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (0.139±0.006 g/100 gextract) were found to be the most intense flavonoids in C. laurifolius samples. The described HPLC method appears suitable for the determination of the Cistus flavonols and their glycosides and can be considered as an effective and alternative procedure for the identification and quantification of this important class of biologically active compounds.
Review ArticleÖZET Diyetin önemli bileşenlerinden olan omega yağ asitleri yaygın olarak omega-3, omega-6, omega-9 olarak bilinmektedir. Omega yağ asitlerinin en zengin besin kaynakları bitkisel yağlar ve balık yağlarıdır. Omega-3 ve omega-6 zorunlu olarak dışarıdan alınması gereken esansiyel yağ asitlerindendir. Omega-3, α-linolenik asit (ALA) bitkisel kaynaklı iken; eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA) ve dokosaheksaenoik asit (DHA) balıklarda bol miktarda bulunmaktadır. Bitkilerin tohumları ve özellikle fındık, ceviz gibi sert kabuklu meyveler başlıca omega yağ asidi kaynaklarıdır. Başta omega-3 olmak üzere omega yağ asitlerinin kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, bilişsel fonksiyonlar, metabolik bozukluklar, enflamatuvar hastalıklar, oksidatif stres, cilt rahatsızlıkları, göz hastalıkları, psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve Alzheimer gibi birçok hastalıkta olumlu etkileri vardır ve tedavide kullanılmaktadırlar. Ayrıca fetal gelişimin sağlanmasında da etkin rol oynadıkları bilinmektedir. Sağlık üzerindeki yararlı etkilerin görülebilmesi için omega-6/omega-3 oranının düşük olması gerekmektedir. Biyolojik etkilerinin birçoğunun mekanizması henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu makalede, önemli omega yağ asitleri hakkında genel bilgilerin, bulundukları bitkisel kaynakların, biyolojik etkilerinin ve kullanımlarının derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır
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