4 Laryngoscope, 1970-1976, 2018.

BACKGROUND:The most common malignant thyroid neoplasm in children is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In 2015, the Endocrine Pathology Society introduced the terminology "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP) to replace the noninvasive follicular variant of PTC. The objective of the current study was to evaluate previously diagnosed PTC in the pediatric population, reappraise it for NIFTP, and discuss the impact of NIFTP on the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category in the pediatric population. METHODS: The electronic databases of both study institutions were searched for all thyroidectomy specimens in patients aged <19 years from June 1, 2001 through June 1, 2016. The patient's age, sex, diagnosis, previous fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis, and follow-up were tabulated. Slides for available cases were reviewed and cases qualifying as NIFTP were separated. RESULTS: The cohort included 101 resected nodules; cytological diagnoses were available for 95 cases. These cases included diagnoses of nondiagnostic (5 cases; 5.2%), benign (21 cases; 22.1%), atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (9 cases; 9.5%), follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) (25 cases; 26.3%), suspicious for malignancy (7 cases; 7.4%), and malignant (28 cases; 29.5%). On the histological follow-up, 50 cases (49.5%) were benign, 49 cases (48.5%) were malignant, and 2 cases (1.9%) were NIFTP. These NIFTP cases originally were diagnosed as FNs on fine-needle aspiration cytology. The average ROM for FNs with and without NIFTPs was 28% and 25%, respectively CONCLUSIONS: According to our rate of 1.9% for NIFTPs on reappraisal for resected nodules, this entity is likely to be less frequent in the pediatric population due to the higher prevalence of PTCs and/or more aggressive variants. NIFTPs do not appear to affect the ROM for The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology categories in the pediatric population. However, large-scale studies are necessary to determine whether NIFTPs could affect the pediatric population.

It is important to be aware of the health beliefs of nurses regarding BSE so that their own health can be protected and improved. Beneficial attitudes and behaviors of nurses regarding BSE will enable them to provide more effective services to women regarding breast cancer. Understanding the nurses' health beliefs, attitude and behavior that are influential to make BSE will guide nursing practices towards early diagnosis of breast cancer at the societal level.

Aim:To determine the experiences of women with physical disabilities regarding the barriers to their participation in breast and cervical cancer screening.Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Method:Sixteen women who use wheelchairs were recruited. Data were collected via semi-structured face-to-face interviews between January -March 2017. Interviews were transcribed and data were analysed thematically. Results: Three main themes were uncovered: (a) Personal factors; such as lack of knowledge, fear and embarrassment, feeling anxious about the examination process and dependency on others; (b) Environmental and structural factors; and (c) expectations and suggestions of women with disabilities to enable their participation in screening. Conclusion: The participation rate of women with physical disabilities in screening is low. The participation of women with disabilities in breast and cervical cancer screening may increase if physical barriers to accessing healthcare services are removed, appropriate and less time-consuming examination conditions are met, and healthcare personnel are informed about the needs of persons with disabilities. Impact: Knowing the barriers for women with physical disabilities to participate in cancer screening can help health professionals develop new procedures to increase their participation to cancer screening. Women with physical disabilities encountered various barriers such as; lack of knowledge, fear and embarrassment, feeling anxious about the examination process and dependency on others, access to the healthcare services, environmental, physical limitations, and inadequate knowledge of healthcare professional about their disability. This study will guide healthcare professionals in developing strategies to increase the participation of women with physical disabilities in screening. K E Y W O R D S cancer screening, nursing, qualitative study, women with physical disabilities | 1977 KILIC et aL.

BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the most frequent genetic diseases encountered in the Mediterranean region. We aimed to investigate the correlation between genetic mutations and the clinical findings in 562 patients with FMF.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted with patients’ files between 2006, and 2013, reverse hybridization assay for MEFV gene mutations was used and the 12 most frequent mutations were screened. Mutation types and clinical findings were compared with variance analysis.ResultsThe mean age was 6.9 ± 3.4 years (range, 1.8-11.6 years). The most common symptom was fever (97.3 %). Thirty-four of the patients (6.04 %) were admitted with periodic fever only. Of these patients, M694V was the most common mutation type (73.5 %). The percentage of the patients predominantly presenting with recurrent abdominal pain was 77.78 % and the most frequent mutations were M694V and E148Q. The rate of arthritis and arthralgia was significantly higher in patients with M694V and E148Q mutations. Chest pain was reported more often in patients homozygous for M694V (61.4 %). Pericardial effusion was documented in the echocardiography of 10.9 % of the 229 children with chest pain. Some patients had both FMF and Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), and were more likely to harbor either homozygote M694V or E148Q mutations. The frequency of episodes was higher in patients with homozygous M694V mutations (number of attacks = 4.4 ± 1.6/month). Proteinuria was detected in 106 patients of cases (29.2 %), at an average of 854 ± 145 mg/L. Most of the patients with proteinuria and elevated serum amyloid-A had homozygous M694V mutation.ConclusionThe most common mutation in children in Turkey with FMF is the M694V mutation. Recurrent abdominal pain, arthritis or arthralgia, chest pain, and pericarditis were commonly seen in patients with M694V and E148Q mutations.

Undifferentiated malignant SMARCA4‐deficient neoplasms are rare, recently characterized, high grade, potentially lethal malignancies. Such tumors are characterized by the loss of BRG1 encoded by SMARCA4, a key component of the Switch/Sucrose Non‐Fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. As this complex, also referred as BAF (BRG1/BRM associated factors) complex, is involved in the epigenetic control of hundreds of genes, including those involved in lineage‐specific differentiation, BAF‐deficient tumors, show minimal or no differentiation and are difficult to classify. Their fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic features are still poorly defined. Here, we describe a 70‐year‐old man who presented with thickening of the wall of the distal esophagus and stomach and multiple liver and lung lesions. Liver FNA showed relatively uniform dispersed malignant cells with high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio, scant microvacuolated cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Mitoses, necrotic debris, nuclear streak artifact, “ghost cells” and focal rhabdoid cytoplasmic inclusions were also present. The liver core biopsy and GI biopsies demonstrated sinusoidal and respectively submucosal involvement by a high grade undifferentiated malignant neoplasm. The tumor cells were negative for all applied markers on immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and only showed CD138 and weak PAX5 staining. After an initial diagnosis of hematolymphoid neoplasm, additional stains showed intact INI1 protein and loss of BRG1 protein immunoexpression, establishing the accurate diagnosis. This case highlights the difficulties and potential pitfalls encountered in the FNA diagnosis of BAF‐deficient tumors, the accurate diagnosis of which is important due to their lack of response to conventional therapy and potential response to targeted therapy.

Axillary and tympanic body temperatures should be considered as fever when they are more than 37.0°C and 37.8°C, respectively. For 0 to 2 months, fever is 37.5°C and 37.85°C in axillary and tympanic temperatures, respectively.

2011).Comprehensive cancer control programs include primary protection, early diagnosis/screening, treatment, and palliative care (WHO, 2007(WHO, : 2011. Primary protection from cancer includes eliminating risk factors and some vaccine administrations (WHO, 2007a: WHO, 2007b). There are two main approaches to the early diagnosis of cancer. The first is to provide training to increase the awareness of cancer risk factors and early stage signs and symptoms; the second approach is to screen individuals systematically. There is adequate evidence to conduct screening programs only for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer (CRC) at present. The results show that the effect on the mortality rate of screening for cancer types such as ovarian, oral, lung, and prostate are inadequate (Martin-Moreno et al., 2009).