Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Status of a Group of Turkish Women

Abstract

2011).Comprehensive cancer control programs include primary protection, early diagnosis/screening, treatment, and palliative care (WHO, 2007(WHO, : 2011. Primary protection from cancer includes eliminating risk factors and some vaccine administrations (WHO, 2007a: WHO, 2007b). There are two main approaches to the early diagnosis of cancer. The first is to provide training to increase the awareness of cancer risk factors and early stage signs and symptoms; the second approach is to screen individuals systematically. There is adequate evidence to conduct screening programs only for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer (CRC) at present. The results show that the effect on the mortality rate of screening for cancer types such as ovarian, oral, lung, and prostate are inadequate (Martin-Moreno et al., 2009).

Evaluation of the Knowledge, Behavior and Health Beliefs of Individuals over 50 Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening

“…Existing studies also reveal that the rate of participation of individuals over 50 to the colorectal cancer screening programs ranges from 1.5-78% (Clavarino et al, 2004;Dolan et al, 2005;van Dam et al, 2010;Koo et al, 2012;Messina et al, 2012). A study conducted in Turkey found that women mostly attend to breast cancer screening programs and that FOBT ration is 12% (Gulten et al, 2012). Healthcare providers and media have important responsibilities for increasing rate of attendance to colorectal cancer screening programs.…”

“…The literature on involvement rates to the colorectal cancer screening programs is limited in case of Turkey. Existing studies found that the rate of participation to the colorectal cancer screening programs is about 10% (Gulten et al, 2012). Although primer protective health services are less costly and more efficient for treatment and care of patients, they are not widely used due to various factors.…”

Lifestyle Behaviors and Early Diagnosis Practices of Cancer Patients

“…In other studies, it is stated that the proportions of those who have had a mammography varies between 13% and 49.1% in Turkey (Ozaydın et al, 2009;Rizalar and Altay, 2010;Gulten et al, 2012). However, it was determined in other Turkish studies that the proportion of those having a Pap smear was between 19-22% (Gultekin et al, 2011;Gulten et al, 2012). Most male patients had never had a prostate cancer screening test as study of Harmy and et al (2011) also found, and the reasons why this has not been adopted may be cultural.…”

“…The proportion of those who had had a mammography or a Pap smear was also very low. In other studies, it is stated that the proportions of those who have had a mammography varies between 13% and 49.1% in Turkey (Ozaydın et al, 2009;Rizalar and Altay, 2010;Gulten et al, 2012). However, it was determined in other Turkish studies that the proportion of those having a Pap smear was between 19-22% (Gultekin et al, 2011;Gulten et al, 2012).…”

“…In addition, not implementing and/or ignoring cancer screening practices for early diagnosis is another important factor (Ozmen, 2008;Bi Suh et al, 2012;Gulten et al, 2012;Yoo et al, 2012). It has been stated that besides avoiding these risk factors, adopting healthy lifestyle behavior, such as healthy nutrition and regular physical activity, can decrease cancer to a significant extent (Newton and Galvao, 2008;Fu et al, 2012).…”