The quest for cleaner wood preservatives is one of the major foci of contemporary wood science. Pyrolysis distillates are potential intermediates to extract large volumes of bioactive chemicals. The aim of this study was to characterize pyrolysis distillates from spruce and birch bark and hemp and test different fractions as potential antifungals to prevent wood decay. In all the fungi tested, distillates of spruce caused over 40% inhibition at 0.1% concentration; 19 significant inhibition could be observed when the concentration of the distillates in growth 20 media was 1%. The results indicate that inhibition was caused by the synergetic action of 21 different chemicals in the pyrolysis distillates. When the individual components were 22 considered, propionic acid exhibited a very high inhibitory effect against the wood decay fungi. 23 2 The high inhibition of the pyrolysis distillates at 1% and lower concentrations demonstrate that pyrolysis liquids could be a source for formulations of sustainable wood preservatives.
This study assessed the pyrolysis liquids obtained by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds, and roots. The liquids recovered between a pyrolysis temperature of 275–350 °C, at two condensation temperatures 130 °C and 70 °C, were analyzed. Aqueous and bio-oil pyrolysis liquids were produced and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS). NMR revealed quantitative concentrations of the most abundant compounds in the aqueous fractions and compound groups in the oily fractions. In the aqueous fractions, the concentration range of acetic acid was 50–241 gL−1, methanol 2–30 gL−1, propanoic acid 5–20 gL−1, and 1-hydroxybutan-2-one 2 gL−1. GC-MS was used to compare the compositions of the volatile compounds and APPI FT-ICR MS was utilized to determine the most abundant higher molecular weight compounds. The different obtained pyrolysis liquids (aqueous and oily) had various volatile and nonvolatile compounds such as acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, and cannabidiol. This study provides a detailed understanding of the chemical composition of pyrolysis liquids from different parts of the industrial hemp plant and assesses their possible economic potential.
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