A method for the detection of polyions using fully reversible polyion selective polymeric membrane type pulstrodes as detectors in a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system is examined. The detection electrode consists of a plasticized polymeric membrane doped with 10 wt % of tridodecylmethylammonium-dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (TDMA/DNNS) ion-exchanger salt. The pulse sequence used involves a short (1 s) galvanostatic pulse, an open-circuit pulse (0.5 s) during which the EMF of the cell is measured, and a longer (15 s) potentiostatic pulse to return the membrane to its original chemical composition. It is shown that total pulse sequence times can be optimized to yield reproducible real-time detection of injected samples of protamine and heparin at up to 20 samples/h. Further, it is shown that the same membrane detector can be employed for FIA detection of both polycations at levels ≥10 μg/mL and polyanions at levels of ≥40 μg/mL by changing the direction of the galvanostatic pulse. The methodology described may also be applicable in the detection of polyionic species at low levels in other flowing configurations, such as in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.

Ni (II) and Co (II) complexes of thiosemicarbazide ligand (2-(anilinoacetyl)-N-(3-methylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide(H 2 L B ) have been prepared and characterized by 1 HNMR, IR, elemental analyses, molar conductance, UVvisible spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), and X-ray differaction pattern before and after irradiation.The results confirmed that gamma rays enhanced the stability of irradiated compounds compared with those non-irradiated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of synthesized compounds were completely optimized with respect to the energy using B3LYP level. DNA binding of compounds before and after gamma irradiation has been studied. Inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria against gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) of synthesized compounds have been investigated. The results revealed that Ni (II) complex after gamma irradiation showed a higher antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria more than all investigated compounds. The ability of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical by our synthesized compounds was investigated on the basis of the determination of IC 50 values.

New chelates complexes of general formulae [Cr(H 2 L) 2 Cl 3 .EtOH], [Fe(H 2 L)(OH)SO 4 (H 2 O).2H 2 O], [Fe(HL) 2 (OH)]. H 2 O, and [Co(H 2 L)(HL) 2 .1/2 EtOH] were prepared and identified by spectral techniques and thermogravimetric analysis Derivative thermo gravimetric analysis. The results confirmed that the ligand behaved as neutral tetradentate, bidentate, or monobasic tridentate. Coordination has occurred via carbonyl oxygen (C=O) and N(2)H or (C-S) groups in complex (3). Moreover, complex (3) was more stable than the analogs (1-3). The prepared mononuclear complexes exhibited an octahedral conformation. The ligand and Cr(III), Fe(III), and Co(II) complexes were investigated for their inhibitory action on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli as Gram-positive and negative bacteria, respectively. The results indicated the effective behavior of Cr(III), Fe(III), and Co(II) complexes as being antibacterial compared to the ligand. The in vitro antitumor activity also displayed the potent action of compounds. In addition, it was revealed that the majority of complexes were more effective than their free ligand. Furthermore, molecular docking implementation demonstrated the intriguing possible interactions of the ligands and complexes with amino acid active sites of the ribosyltransferase moiety (PDB ID).

Molecular modeling calculations were used to validate 3D structures of new complexes of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) ions chelated with (E)-2-(phenylamino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide ligand. Furthermore, the calculations were used to estimate selected electronic chemical descriptors which are responsible for the biological activity. The first insight of the compound activity as antibacterial was evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The titled models showed stable binding towards lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme of E. coli, indicating their inhibition effect toward bacterial growth. Structural study of the ligand and Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) chelates was done using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR techniques. Furthermore, complexes were physically investigated based on magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The antibacterial study of the synthesized compounds screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that these compounds display remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used as therapeutic drugs for pathogenic bacterial diseases. All complexes and ligand showed good scavenging activities which indicate a promising result for their applications as antioxidants.

Understanding the impacts of seasonal variations on fate and distribution of natural and introduced microbes are important for proper public health, risk assessment and water management of Lake Burullus, Egypt (LB) as water receiving body. The effects of mixing processes on microbial loads in Lake and discharged aquacultural wastewater (AQ) and agricultural drainages (AG) were assessed. Microbiological examinations of discharged waters in this study revealed that total bacterial count (TBC), and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly high at P 0.05 in aquacultural wastewater than both LB and AG. Total fecal coliform count (TFC) and total fecal streptococcus (TFS) were determined and showed that AG has significantly high at P 0.05 comparing to both LB and AQ. No seasonal differences in-between all indictors values of LB, while AG wastewater values were mostly higher than both AQ and LB water samples with declining attitude between sampling points. In case of TBC, TCC and TFC, the microbial loads of lake water were highly affected by receiving water but in case of TSF, the water shows no affects. Contrary, for discharged waters, both show reduction in count that is meaning of dilution processes. As excessive discharge of raw wastewater may present a risk related to high increased rate of TBC and TCC in lake water annually by 27.8 and 33.0% at 500 m points, respectively.