Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence of deeper sections and the diagnostic value of these sections in non-cutaneous small biopsy specimens taken at a hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: DHQ Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad; Jan 2022-Jun 2022. Methods: 76 patients aged 18-48 were presented in this study. Patients admitted to the oral and maxillofacial department who underwent deeper sections were included. After obtaining informed and written consent, complete demographic information was obtained. In all cases, the sites of organs and levels for seep sections were recorded. Categorical variables were assessed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Results: Researchers found that majority of the deeper sections, 40 (52.6%) cases were from the cervix, followed by stomach, endometrium, and colorectal. Level 4 was the most commonly performed deeper section among 18 (23.7%) cases. Even though a diagnosis could be made from the first slide, deeper levels were examined in 41 (53.9%) cases to explore other histological characteristics. This was to either increase the reliability of the diagnosis made from the first slide or to confirm that diagnosis. Of these 41 instances, 14 (34.1%) revealed the same histological characteristics in deeper sections, whereas 27 (65.9%) revealed new pathological abnormalities. Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis often has to be based on a deeper section. Therefore, regardless of the lesion size, it is advised that deeper areas be performed on samples that cannot be reliably identified on normal levels. This procedure should be standardized worldwide. Keywords: Deeper Sections, Histopathology, Biopsy, Non-cutaneous
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer of endocrine organs. From the past few decades, the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma is increasing generally and this has aroused the great public concern.Papillary thyroid carcinoma is primarily responsible for this high prevalence.The cases of other types of thyroid malignancies have remained stable over time. Aim: To analyze our institution-based trends in histopathological characteristics and incidence of thyroid carcinoma. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and duration: Pathology Department of Rai Medical College, Sargodha, from July 2017 to June 2022. Methodology: This study comprised of 56 cases of thyroid neoplasm diagnosed on biopsy. The main histologic types of thyroid carcinoma include papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic. Results: Of 374 thyroid lesions reviewed, 56 cases were malignant. Among these, PTC constituted about 43(76.78%) cases. There were 6(10.71%) cases of follicular ca followed by 5(8.92%) cases of medullary and 1(1.78%) case of anaplastic carcinoma. Practical implication: Unfortunately, the frequency of thyroid cancer in Pakistan is on the increaseandthe incidence of thyroid cancer in our country is difficult to measure due to the limitations of epidemiological statistics. Information regarding the geographic distribution of thyroid cancer is of great value for formulating epidemiologic hypothesis and for understanding the concepts of its risk factors. Such info is also valuable for making worldwide comparisons. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer was six times more frequent in females (female-to-male ratio 6:1). Most cases of PTC, follicular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma were in patients in the fourth decade of life then in third and fifth decade. However, anaplastic carcinoma was seen between 60 to 69 years of age. Keywords: Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary, Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate salpingectomy specimens of all types of ovarian tumors by opting SEE-FIM grossing protocol. Methods: A total of 79 samples of fallopian tubes were grossed following SEE-FIM protocol, as mentioned by CAP. This study was conducted in Pathology department at Niazi Medical and Dental College Sargodha. Results: One third ovarian tumors (n = 26, 33.8%) were bilateral and two fifth tumors (n = 31, 40.3%) were on the right side. More than ninety percent samples (n = 71, 92.2%) had non-precursor lesions. Lastly, most common cases of ovarian tumors were of mature cystic teratoma (n = 16, 20.8%), dysgerminoma (n = 13, 16.9%) and mucinous cystadenoma (n = 12, 15.6%). The results of chi-square tests showed significant association of both histopathological changes in fallopian tube (χ2 (6) = 31.05, p < .001) and histopathological findings (χ2 (2) = 7.81, p < .05) with types of ovarian neoplasm. Conclusion: The routine following of SEE-FIM is an easily adoptable and valuable protocol in terms of finding unexpected / incidental lesions and their correlation with different ovarian neoplasms. Keyword: SEE-FIM protocol, Salpingectomy specimen, precursor fallopian tube lesions.
The spectrum of ovarian pathologies embraces wide age range among females because the risk of developing ovarian lesion starts from birth and follows diverse patterns through-out the life.1,2 The rate of development of complications, recurrence, progression to malignancy, morbidity and mortality, also varies according to the age of presentation of various ovarian pathologies.3,4,5 The prevalence of cystic lesions of ovary is more in reproductive age group as compared to post-menopausal women.6,7 Malignant neoplasms have more been observed in an advanced age group.8,9,10 The current study is aimed to observe the distribution of various histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions in different age groups. This study may be beneficial in stratifying patients, into different risk based groups and prognosis associated groups, depending upon the age of patient at the time of presentation. Methods: Total 150 cases of ovarian lesions were selected by convenient sampling in current descriptive study, carried out at Pathology department of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore from May, 2019 till June, 2020. Routine H & E stained sections, from specimens of total abdominal hysterectomy with unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy procedures, done either for primary ovarian lesion or other than primary ovarian pathology, in all age groups, were included. Results: A majority of ovarian lesions 123 (82%) were observed in the reproductive age group, mostly being non-neoplastic (89.5%). Out of 19 post-menopausal patients, 12 presented with malignant neoplasms. All patients belonging to pre-pubertal age group had non-neoplastic pathologies. Conclusion: The malignant ovarian tumors are prevalent in post-menopausal patients while reproductive age group predominantly exhibits non-neoplastic and benign ovarian lesions. The pre-pubertal age group commonly present with non-neoplastic ovarian pathologies. Keywords: Histopathological patterns of ovarian lesion, Malignant ovarian tumors, Reproductive age group.
Background: Breast cancer is one of the common causes of mortality in female population, world-wide. Pakistan has highest incidence among Asian countries. Majority of breast cancers belong to invasive ductal carcinoma type. Estrogen and Progesterone nuclear receptors are important expression tools for molecular categorization of invasive breast carcinoma. Aim: To correlate status of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression between FNA cell-blocks and tissue blocks from mastectomy specimen in invasive ductal carcinoma of female breast. Methods: In current study, carried out at Pathology Department of Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha from August, 2018 to July,2020, 125 cell blocks of FNA and tissue blocks of corresponding mastectomy specimens of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were included. Routine H & E staining protocol was adopted for microscopic diagnosis.24 Estrogen and Progesterone receptor expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry25. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-20 version. Results: Spearman’s correlation showed a strong positive relationship between status of ER (rs = .959, p<.001) and PR expression (rs = .958, p < .001) observed in fine needle aspirate cell-blocks and in corresponding tissue blocks of mastectomy specimen. Conclusion: The study concluded that as there is concordance in ER and PR expression status, hence, FNA cell-blocks are reliable for planning hormonal treatment strategies instead of tissue blocks in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Keywords: Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, FNA cell block.
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