Bhatti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Objective of Study: The objective of this study is to have an insight on student’s attitudes regarding histology’s clinical relevance in public and private sector medical college. Methodology: A cross sectional survey for attitude analysis towards histology’s clinical importance was carried out among 200 third year medical students from private and public sector medical college. Thurdstone and Chave attitude analysis questionnaire was employed to find the attitude score. Results: Students of both public and private sector medical college show scepticism towards the clinical importance of histology. There was no marked difference in the attitudes of students of public and private sector medical college. Most data remained on the borderline of the attitude scale employed. Conclusion: This study provided useful information for the teachers that students do not appreciate the clinical importance of histology much. Teachers need to devise strategies and to work on the students helping them comprehend the importance of histology.
Objective: Monitor the ameliorative impact of Nigella sativa on fasting blood glucose and serum testosteronelevels in polycystic ovarian syndrome caused by letrozole in mice. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy department, Army Medical College in teamwork with National Instituteof Health. Time span is Dec 2014 Dec 2015. Methodology: Total 40 mature female BALB/c mice were chosen and distributed in four groups (ten mice in each one). Group 1 was given normal diet. Rests of three groups were treated with Letrozole at dose of 1 mg/kg body weight once daily for eight weeks. Group 3 was also given Nigella sativa seeds powder at dose of 10 g/kg body weight once daily starting at 22 day and continued up to eight weeks. Group 4 was treated with Nigella sativa oil at a dose of 4 ml/kg body weight once daily starting at 22 day and continued up to eight weeks. At termination of trial, fasting blood glucose level (FBG) was recorded by taking blood sample by glucometer from mouse lateral tail vein after 12 hours fasting. Mice with blood glucose level 250-464 mg/dl were marked hyperglycemic. Final blood sample was taken through cardiac puncture for serum testosterone evaluation. Results: Fasting blood glucose and Serum testosterone levels were raised in group 2 animals in comparison togroup 1 while they were reduced remarkably in group 3 and 4 in comparison of group 2. Conclusion: Nigella sativa seeds in both solid and liquid state leave..................
Introduction: Thoracic injury is becoming an important cause of mortality in Pakistan, especially in the younger subset of population. The initial management of these injuries is essential as these patients can develop multiple complications, ultimately leading to death of the patients.
Objective: To determine the histo-morphometric effects of energy drink consumption in different doses on the pancreatic tissue of Wistar Albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Pharmacology, Isra University, Hyderabad. Period: April 2021 to September 2021. Material & Methods: Thirty healthy albino Wistar rats of body weight 200±20 were included in the study. Rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I (Control), Group II (Low dose energy drink 7.5 ml/day) and Group III (High dose energy drink 15 ml/day). The body weight of all animals was measured. Blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis including serum glucose, serum insulin level, and oxidative markers. Histo-pathological and morphometric findings were observed. Results: A statistically significant rise in body weight in groups II and III (p<0.05). Significantly increased serum glucose and declined insulin level was seen in group II and III compared with controls (p<0.05). There was a significantly lower level of oxidative markers observed in group III than in groups I and II (p<0.05). The mean pancreatic acini and islets diameter in groups II and III has decreased significantly compared with group I (p<0.05). The histo-pathological grading reveals that mild to moderate parenchymal changes in the pancreatic tissue of group II rats compared with group I. While moderate to severe changes were observed in group III compared with group I and II rats. Conclusion: Caffeinated energy drink consumption results in oxidative stress and degenerative changes in the potential to seriously alter the exocrine and endocrine pancreas' normal morphology consumption.
Objective: To observe inflammation of interstitial connective tissue space caused by Lead acetate in rat testis and ameliorative after math caused by Ficuscarica. Study Design: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi together with NIH (National Institute of Health) Islamabad, from Mar to Nov 2017. Methodology: Sprague Dawley male rats, 30 in quantity were chosen and 10 animals each partited into 3 groups. Treatments were given for 8 weeks, once daily. Group A was control group. Group B was treated with dosage of 30 mg/kg of Lead acetate. Group C was given dosage of 30 mg/kg of Lead acetate as well as 80 mg/kg of Ficuscarica. Twenty four hours after the concluding dose, animals were vivisected. For histological study, testis were fixed and stained with Haematoxylin and eosin. Interstitial connective tissue space thickness was morphometrically and assessed by SPSS version 22. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant in results. Results: Interstitial space thickness was significantly increased due to inflammation (>3 times normal) in group B in comparison to groups A and C. Thickness of space was slightly increased (<2 times normal) in group C in comparison to groups A due to reduction in inflammation. Conclusion: There was increased thickness of interstitium due to inflammation, cellular congestion and lymphocytic infiltration in rat’s testis because of lead acetate but concomitant dose of Ficuscarica protects against inflammation, venous congestion of interstitial space.
Objective: To determine the frequency of successful cannulation of ultrasound assisted inline oblique transducer approach for internal jugular venous cannulation. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. Period: 22-02-2017 to 22-08-2017. Material & Methods: In this study the cases were included of both gender and age between 18 to 65 years. Jugular vein was visualized ultrasonographically in an oblique axis and the needle was inserted in the same plane, aligned with the longitudinal axis of the transducer. Success rate was noted. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.94±10.90 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.9:1. In this study the successful cannulation was observed in 145/155 (93.55%) patients. Conclusion: It has been observed in this study that the ultrasound assisted inline oblique transducer approach is successful technique for IJV cannulation.
Introduction: Patients receiving dialysis treatment in Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad were suffering from some kind of depression and a few of these patients were also attending the psychiatry department for the management of depression. Chronic kidney disease being the commonest indication of dialysis was itself a known cause of depression like any other chronic disease. The longer redundant sessions of dialysis also added up to the existing low mood. Aim: To apply quality improvement methodology and apply a few appropriate interventions to reduce the prevalence of depression. The NICE guidelines 2009 for depression management were used to guide the introduction of appropriate interventions. PHQ-9 was used to score depression before and after the intervention. Methods: Diagrams, flowcharts were used to show aims and objectives. A Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle was used. The prevalence of depression in dialysis patients were calculated using the PHQ-9 questionnaire. A new plan for the dialysis department decoration and the introduction of facilities was formulated with input from the dialysis department staff. Help from NICE guidelines for depression management was taken and an increase in the availability of junior doctors for counseling and responding to the patient's condition was made. Results:120 patients involved in the dialysis sessions were targeted in this project for the six months duration. 40% of the patients were found to be suffering from moderate-moderately severe depression (score range 10-19) via the filled PHQ-9 questionnaire. Four months after the introduction of various changes the PHQ-9 was filled by the same patients. Now the prevalence of depression reduced to 10%. The patient's still scored as being depressed were in the mild depression range(i.e. score on PHQ:5-9). Conclusion: Following the implementations especially focusing on the counseling sessions (as mentioned in NICE guidelines)and increasing
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