Green Monoliths (GMs) of self-adhesive carbon grain from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches were prepared by compression pressure at 1.43 × 107, 1.91 × 107 and 2.39 × 107 kg/m2, respectively. Activated carbon monoliths ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C prepared by CO2 activation from these GMs, respectively, were used as electrodes in supercapacitor cells which employed stainless steel 316L current collector and H2SO4 electrolyte. Evaluation of the electrochemical properties showed that ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C cells had specific capacitance of 30, 9 and 5 F/g, total ESR of 3.21, 4.95 and 7.33 Ω, specific power (maximum) of 173.41, 107.58 and 33.82 W/kg, and specific energy (maximum) of 0.67, 0.15 and 0.09 Wh/kg. These properties are directly associated with the surface area of the ACMs, i.e. 419, 336 and 302 m2/g for the ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C, respectively, indicating a direct effect of compression pressure on the physical and electrochemical properties of ACMs electrodes.
Aktivasi kimia sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas elektroda sel superkapasitor. Pada penelitian ini elektroda karbon berasal dari serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses pra karbonisasi dan aktivasi kimia dengan menggunakan aktivator kalium hidroksida (KOH) dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.3 M, 0.6 M dan 0.9 M dengan lama waktu aktivasi 20 jam. Proses selanjutnya adalah proses karbonisasi menggunakan gas N2 dan proses aktivasi fisika menggunakan gas CO2. Nilai densitas elektroda karbon menunjukkan peningkatan setelah proses aktivasi fisika. Hasil analisa energi dispersif sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon dengan konsentrasi 0.9 M mempunyai persentase atomik unsur karbon tertinggi sebesar 92,48%. Karakterisasi struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon bersifat semikristalin yang ditandai kehadiran puncak landai (002) dan (100) pada sudut 2θ sekitar 24° dan 45°. Elektroda karbon dengan konsentrasi 0,9 M mempunyai nilai dimensi mikrokristalin Lc tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,27 Å dan nilai La terendah yaitu sebesar 6.97 Å dibandingkan dengan elektroda sel superkapasitor dengan konsentrasi 0.3 M dan 0.6 M. Karakterisasi sifat elektrokimia sel superkapasitor dengan menggunakan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) menunjukkan bahwa sel superkapasitor pada konsentrasi KOH 0.9 M menunjukkan niai tertinggi yaitu sebesar 110, 724 F/g.
Carbon nanofibers derived from lignocellulosic materials have become the most prevalent free-standing electrode material for supercapacitors due to their renewable and sustainable nature. This study used Arenga pinnata bunches (APB) as raw material for hemicellulose compounds to produce carbon electrodes through carbonization processes at 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C, in the presence of flowing N2 gas. The variations in carbonization temperature resulted in carbon electrodes with surface morphology having a nanofiber structure with micro-meso pore distribution. According to the results, the carbonization temperature of 700 °C (APB-700) is the optimum temperature for producing electrode surface morphology with a combination of nanofiber, micro-and mesopore distributions, as well as specific surface area, specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of 1231.896 m2 g−1, 201.6 F g−1, 28.0 Wh kg−1, and 109.5 W kg−1, respectively, for the two electrode systems. This shows the combination of nanofibers and the distribution of micro-and mesopores produced with variations in carbonization temperature has the capacity to improve the performance of supercapacitor cells. Therefore, carbon nanofibers derived from Arenga pinnata bunches have the potential to be used as free-standing electrode materials for supercapacitors without employing doping, binder, electrospinning, and heteroatom template methods.
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