BACKGROUND: Defects in post-receptor insulin signalling are the major cause of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) levels after puguntano (Curanga fel-terrae [Merr.]) leaf extract treatment in a rat model of T2DM.
METHODS: A combination of high-fat diet-feeding (HFD) and multiple low dose intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin was used to induced T2DM in 48 Wistar rats, which were then randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n = 24 per group). Puguntano leaf extract was administered to the treatment group once daily (200 mg/kg.bw) for 10 days. IRS-1, PI3K and p38 MAPK levels were measured in skeletal muscle using sandwich ELISAs in control group after becoming T2DM and in the treatment group after 10 days of puguntano treatment. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon test and Spearman’s correlation.
RESULTS: IRS-1, PI3K and p38 MAPK levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. There were also significant positive correlations between IRS-1 with PI3K and p38 MAPK levels (r = 0.375, p = 0.035; r = 0.552, p = 0.003; respectively) after the treatment.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated significant positive correlations between IRS-1 with PI3K and p38 MAPK levels after puguntano leaf extract treatment of T2DM rats.
Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang memerlukan pengobatan yang intensif. Tanaman tradisional untuk pengobatan diabetes banyak dijumpai di masyarakat dan telah digunakan secara turun temurun. Pugun Tana (Picria felterrae Lour.) merupakan tumbuhan khas yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Dairi untuk pengobatan diabetes. Data hasil penelitian efektifitas sebagai antidiabetes dari Pugun Tana belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menguji keamanan dan efektifitas dari Pugun Tanan sebagai antidiabetes sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman tradisional yang aman dan berkhasiat.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan karakteristik simplisia daun (penentuan kadar air, penentuan kadar abu total dan tidak larut dalam asam, penentuan kadar sari larut etanol dan penentuan larutan kadar sari larut air). Ekstrak dibuat dalam crude extract dengan metode maserasi-perkolasi.Uji Toksisitas secara akut crude extract daun pugun tana tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda keracunan dan kematian yang berarti sampai dosis 10.000 mg/kg bb. Crude extract pugun tana (Picria felterrae Lour.) dikategorikan praktis tidak toksis atau toksisitas ringan. Namun, data indeks organ menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan dari organ seperti hati, dan perbedaan ini tidak memberikan perbedaan yang berarti dibandingkan dengan dosis lainnya. Uji Toleransi glukosa dengan pemberian larutan glukosa dosis 5 g/kg bb menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol pugun tana dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB tersebut menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus yang diberikan glukosa 50%. Suspensi ekstrak pugun tana dosis 100 mg/kg bb memberikan penurunan kadar gula darah hampir sama dengan suspensi glibenklamid dosis 10 mg/kg bb dan kenaikan dosis ekstrak tidak memberikan efek penurunan kadar gula darah yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: tikus obesitas, toleransi glukosa, toksisitas akut, picria felterrae, pugun tana
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the antidiabetic effects of puguntano (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.]) extract involve anti-inflammatory effects mediated through adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs).
Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Wistar rats were induced by a combination of high-fat diet for 5 weeks and injection small dose streptozotocin 30 mg/kg bw/rat. This study was conducted in 48 T2DM rats, which were randomly assigned into two weight-matched groups (n=24, each). Only the treatment group received 0.2 mg/g bw of puguntano extract suspension through oral for 10 days. The clinical characteristics of T2DM and AdipoR were assessed before and after the treatment period.
Results: The treatment group demonstrated significantly lower body weight, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but higher AdipoR than the control group (all, p<0.001). Furthermore, there were also negative correlations between AdipoR to body weight and HOMA-IR (all, p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that puguntano could improve glucose metabolism and ameliorate insulin resistance and have anti-inflammatory effects mediated through AdipoR in T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) regulates metabolism and has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. We aimed to determine the relationships between AdipoR with parameters of glucose homeostasis (FPG, insulin, and HOMA-IR), and insulin sensitivity (PPAR-γ and p38MAPK) in T2DM rats treated with puguntano (Curanga felterrae Lour.) leaf extract.
Methods: T2DM was induced in Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks and weighing 180–200 g by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (30mg/kg.bw) administration. The rats were then allocated randomly to a treatment group and a control group (n=24 each). The treatment group was orally administered puguntano leaf extract (200 mg/kg.bb) once daily for 10 days. Subsequently, FPG and plasma insulin were measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated.
Results: There was significantly difference between treatment group and control group on AdipoR and parameter of glucose homeostasis (FPG, Insulin, HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (PPAR-γ, p38MAPK (all, p<0.01). In both groups, there were no significantly correlations between of AdipoR with all parameter of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity except PPAR-ϒ (p <0.003) across the entire cohort of rats.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that puguntano could improve glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and molecular mediators of insulin sensitivity. There were no significantly correlated between improvement of AdipoR with glucose homeostasis and molecular mediators of insulin sensitivity in T2DM.
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