Patients with CRF and those undergoing HD therapy have higher rates of nail disorders when compared to a healthy population. Efficient HD does not improve nail changes.

Pruritus is still a common problem in hemodialysis-dependent patients. The prevalence of xerosis and excoriations was high in patients undergoing replacement therapy. Efficient replacement hemodialysis may provide a clinical benefit.

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Previous studies showed that murine septic peritonitis induced a substantial reduction of the anionic site density distribution in mesenteric and diaphragmatic microvessels. The present study shows that acute experimental septic peritonitis induces a severe reduction of the anionic site density distribution along the submesothelial basement membrane. Five days after induction of peritonitis, there was a partial recovery of anionic sites which even at 13 days was not completed. This observation suggests that the increased protein losses observed during peritonitis are the consequence of increased microvascular and mesothelial permeability to anionic plasma proteins secondary to neutralization and/or disappearance of the anionic sites located in the microvascular wall and in the mesothelial layer.

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One case of severe varicella pneumonia with high microvascular permeability pulmonary edema and signs of multiple system organ disfunction was successfully treated by means of hemofiltration. The patient was discharged from the Intensive Care Unit 6 days after admission. Peptides showing molecular weight ranging between 600 (prostaglandins) and 4000 (B-endorphin) daltons were cleared from blood at the same rate as urea. Hemofiltration appears to be a valuable tool for treating septic ARDS.

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