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Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has evolved as a first-line therapeutic option for carotid revascularization in indicated patients for stroke prevention, but there is still a lack of data on its effect on cognitive function (CF), especially among Indian patients. To determine the effect of CAS on CF and to study the immediate and delayed complications of CAS in Indian patients.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study. CF was assessed using Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination version III (ACE) before and 3 months after stenting. The demographic and clinical parameters were also assessed. A follow-up evaluation after 3 months was done to compare CF and to observe the occurrence of any complications.Results: Out of 31 patients, 3 were lost to follow up. There were no immediate or delayed procedure-related complications. There was a statistically significant improvement in overall ACE score and memory before and after stenting. On subgroup analysis of those with and without strokes, there was a significant improvement in visuospatial function and mean ACE score. Those with left CAS had significant improvement in memory, visuospatial, language, and ACE scores than right CAS.Conclusion: CAS was associated with significant improvement in CF in patients.

BACKGROUND: Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation in HIV/AIDS patients and conventional lymph node biopsy is the standard procedure for the diagnosis of this condition but the procedure incurs a high risk for healthcare providers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the cytological patterns of lymph node lesions in HIV/AIDS patients and to compare the results of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) with conventional lymph node biopsy, along with the correlation of findings with CD4 count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective comparison of an alternative procedure for the diagnosis of lymph node lesions in HIV/AIDS patients, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), with the conventional method. The study population comprises 73 HIV/AIDS patients who attended the Department of medicine (ART centre), N.S.C.B Medical College Jabalpur. Aspirates were stained routinely with haematoxylin and eosin, Wrights and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Special stains were done in selected cases. RESULTS: Cytological diagnosis included reactive (46. 6%), tuberculous (31.5%), non-specific chronic granulomatous (8.2%), suppurative (9.5%), Hodgkins lymphoma (1.4%), Suspicious Non-Hodgkins lymphoma n (1.4%), Smear inadequate (1.4%). Reactive and tuberculous lesions were further categorized. Each lesion was correlated with clinical details and CD4 counts. AFB grading was done on Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears in tuberculous lymphadenitis cases. CONCLUSION: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of lymph node is very useful for segregating lymphadenopathy cases in HIV/AIDS patient. FNAC is practical, convenient, safe, and relatively painless. Correlation of lesions with mean CD4 count and AFB grading reflects immunity, stage of disease and disease activity.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To find out the role of multidetector computed tomography in the evaluation of neck lesions with respect to evaluation of the size, location and extent of tumour. Extension of tumour infiltrating into surrounding vascular and visceral structures. To correlate the findings of MD-CT with final diagnosis by biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data for the study was collected from patients with suspected neck lesions attending Department of Radio-diagnosis, J.L.N. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Ajmer, Rajasthan. A prospective study was conducted over a period (From 1st March 2014 to 31 Aug. 2015) on patients with clinically suspected neck lesions or patients who were diagnosed to have neck lesion on ultrasound and were referred to CT for further characterisation. The patients presented with symptoms of palpable neck mass and neck pain. Patients were evaluated using multidetector CT. A provisional diagnosis was made after CT scan and these findings were correlated with histopathology/surgical findings as applicable. RESULT In the present study, 97 out of 100 cases were correctly characterised by computed tomography giving an accuracy of 97%. One case of buccal carcinoma was wrongly diagnosed as benign lesion and another case of malignant lymph node was inaccurately diagnosed as benign lymph node, also another case of benign lymph node was inaccurately diagnosed as malignant lymph node. CONCLUSION Multidetector Computed Tomography of the neck has improved the localisation and characterisation of neck lesions. Accurate delineation of disease by CT scan provides a reliable preoperative diagnosis, plan for radiotherapy ports and posttreatment followup. However, histopathology still remains the gold standard as CT is not 100% accurate.

Introduction: Tumors of the nervous system are important cause of cancer-related deaths in children. There are several reports regarding the epidemiology of CNS tumors in children in the Western literature but too few reports from India.