BACKGROUND: Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation in HIV/AIDS patients and conventional lymph node biopsy is the standard procedure for the diagnosis of this condition but the procedure incurs a high risk for healthcare providers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the cytological patterns of lymph node lesions in HIV/AIDS patients and to compare the results of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) with conventional lymph node biopsy, along with the correlation of findings with CD4 count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective comparison of an alternative procedure for the diagnosis of lymph node lesions in HIV/AIDS patients, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), with the conventional method. The study population comprises 73 HIV/AIDS patients who attended the Department of medicine (ART centre), N.S.C.B Medical College Jabalpur. Aspirates were stained routinely with haematoxylin and eosin, Wrights and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Special stains were done in selected cases. RESULTS: Cytological diagnosis included reactive (46. 6%), tuberculous (31.5%), non-specific chronic granulomatous (8.2%), suppurative (9.5%), Hodgkins lymphoma (1.4%), Suspicious Non-Hodgkins lymphoma n (1.4%), Smear inadequate (1.4%). Reactive and tuberculous lesions were further categorized. Each lesion was correlated with clinical details and CD4 counts. AFB grading was done on Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears in tuberculous lymphadenitis cases. CONCLUSION: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of lymph node is very useful for segregating lymphadenopathy cases in HIV/AIDS patient. FNAC is practical, convenient, safe, and relatively painless. Correlation of lesions with mean CD4 count and AFB grading reflects immunity, stage of disease and disease activity.
BACKGROUNDMalaria is an epidemiological problem at the global level caused by the Plasmodium species. In Indian subcontinent, it is a major cause of mortality and considered as the main differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness. The parasite mainly infects the erythrocytes and causes various haematological abnormalities like anaemia, thrombocytopenia and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).
A comparative study of pulmonary Koch's among marble stone worker community of Bhedaghat and nonmarble stone worker community of Garha Introduction: Occupational stone dust exposure may result in several health risks tuberculosis (TB) silicosis, obstructive as well as restrictive lung diseases, among which TB is more prevalent in developing countries like India. Most people residing in Bhedaghat engaged in carving statues from variable stones and marble rocks belongs to poor socioeconomic conditions and unaware of the preventive measures. Ultimately they end up in chronic respiratory problems and various complications. Objective: The study was carried out to fi nd the effect of marble stone dust exposure on the prevalence of TB and to study some of associated epidemiological factors and effect of working environment. Materials and Methods: The present study is cross-sectional study with a comparison group, which was matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status, unexposed to similar working environment, that is, carving and cutting marble stones. Using interview technique demographic, occupational and clinical details were recorded on the predesigned proforma. For pulmonary TB among study subjects already detected, cases were included, and those strongly suggestive on the basis of clinical history were confi rmed by means subsequent sputum smear examination and radiography. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Statistical Software Package Epi Info 7. Results and Conclusion: Overall prevalence of pulmonary TB was 6.25% among marble stone workers while in the comparison group it was 4.38%. Among marble stone workers, the prevalence was more among workers working in closed and congested room and not using any personal protective measures and employed in stone cutting for >5 years. Abstract Access this article onlineWebsite: www.ijmedph.org
Low plasma homocysteine level during an uncomplicated pregnancy was first demonstrated by Kang et al almost 20 years ago, & this has subsequently been confirmed by numerous investigators. Plasma homocysteine concentrations are 30-60% lower in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women & the lowest levels are observed in the second trimester. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, such as spontaneous early abortion, placental vasculopathy and birth defects. It is not only neural tube defects (NTDs) but also cardiac malformations and cleft lip and/or palate etc. Objective of study is to observe role of Homocysteine as a biochemical marker in various obstetrical complications and to evaluate Homocysteine as a risk factor in obstetrical complications. ADVIA- Centaur equipment is used and method is Chemiluminescence. It has been found that Pre-eclampsia cases have got higher Probabilities of having raised Homocysteine as compared to non-Pre-eclamptic cases, on the other hand Recurrent abortions has been found to be associated with high Homocysteine, indicating adverse effect of Hyperhomocystenemia.
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