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Context: Mucuna pruriens Linn. (Fabaceae) is a tropical legume, traditionally used for controlling blood pressure. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the successful strategies for controlling hypertension.Objective: The present study evaluated the ACE inhibition potential of the standardized extract of M. pruriens seeds. Materials and methods: Standardization of the extract and its fractions were carried out by RP-HPLC method [methanol and 1% v/v acetic acid in water (5:95 v/v)] using levodopa as a marker. The ACE inhibition activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL) using the HPLC-DAD and the UV spectrophotometric method. The liberation of hippuric acid (HA) from hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) was estimated in the spectrophotometric method and RP-HPLC assay at 228 nm. Results: Methanol extract and aqueous fraction showed a maximum activity with IC 50 values of 38.44 ± 0.90 and 57.07 ± 2.90 mg/mL (RP-HPLC), and 52.68 ± 2.02 and 67.65 ± 2.40 mg/mL (spectrophotometry), respectively. Discussion: The study revealed that the aqueous extract contains the highest amount of levodopa. Eventually the methanol extract showed highest ACE inhibition activity except levodopa alone. It was further observed that the inhibition was altered with respect to the change in the content of levodopa in the extract. Thus, it can be assumed that levodopa may be responsible for the ACE inhibition activity of M. pruriens seeds. Conclusion: It can be concluded that M. pruriens seed is a potential ACE inhibitor can be explored further as an effective antihypertensive agent.

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Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques have been used to study photoinduced quenching reactions e.g. electron transfer (ET), energy transfer processes etc. between the electron donors 3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP) and 3,5-dimethylanisole (3,5-DMA) and the electron acceptor TCNQ in polar aprotic acetonitrile (ACN) and polar protic ethanol (EtOH) at ambient temperature. In both solvents photoinduced ET reactions are found to be highly exothermic (*G0 \ [2 eV) and appear, since [*G0 [ j (where j is the nuclear reorganization energy parameter) and because the electron transfer rate decreases with k ET increasing exothermicity, to occur in the Marcus inverted region (MIR). However, relatively larger values are observed in k ET ACN than in EtOH. This has been explained in terms of the ordered structure of EtOH due to H-bonding. In ACN, the primary process responsible for quenching of the excited singlet of the donors in the presence of TCNQ seems to be ET whereas, in (S 1 ) EtOH, several other non-radiative processes can occur together with photoinduced ET. ACN would appear to be a better solvent in which to investigate the mechanism of the ET reactions. Reaction schemes showing the possible non-radiative deactivation routes within the donorÈacceptor systems in both ACN and EtOH have been proposed.

The present work reports anion-induced electrical device fabrication of Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks. The essence of our electronic device fabrication is to utilize the anionic species entrapped inside of the three-dimensional...