It is shown that transatlantic long‐wave radio field strength is related to the 11‐year cycles of terrestrial magnetic activity, sunspots, solar limbpromineces, and ultra‐violet radiation. The directness of correlation between long‐wave radio and these other phenomena is apparently only approximate. Very good seasonal and monthly correlation is obtanied between magnetic activity and daylight radio transmission. Magnetic storms are shown to have prolonged and delayed effects on day and night radio transmission, obscuring tendencies for 27‐day recurrences on long waves. No reference is made to the probable mechanism of long‐wave radio transmission beacuase a paper, now in preparation, will be concerned primarily with this subject.
Transmission considerations and practical limitations indicate that in the lower frequency range, frequencies near 60 kc are best suited for transatlantic radio‐telephone transmission. A radio receiving location in Maine gives a signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement over a New York location equivalent to increasing the power of the British transmitter about 50 times.
Various types of receiving antennas are briefly discussed. The wave‐antenna is selected as being most suitable for long‐wave radio telephony. The various factors affecting wave‐antenna performance and methods for measuring the physical constants of wave‐antennas are discussed in detail. High‐frequency ground conductivities determined from wave‐antenna measurements are given. Combination of several antennas to form arrays is found to be a desirable means of decreasing interference. The use of a wave‐antenna array in Maine decreases the received noise power by an additional 400 times. If the receiving were to be accomplished near New York using a loop antenna, we would have to increase the power of the British transmitting station 20,000 times to obtain the same signal‐to‐noise ratio. Comparisons of calculated and observed directional diagrams of wave‐antennas and wave‐antenna arrays are presented and discussed.
The transmission considerations governing the design of a radio receiver for commercial telephone reception are outlined.
Mathematical discussions of the wave‐antenna, antenna arrays, quasi‐tilt angle, and probability of simultaneous occurrence of telegraph interference are given in the appendices.
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