A study to quantify the free glutamic acid content of six processed foods, 44 dishes and 26 condiments available in Malaysia was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FRD). Recovery tests were carried out with spiked samples at levels from 6 to 31 mg g(-1). High recovery in different matrices was achieved ranging from 88% +/- 13% to 102% +/- 5.12%, with an average of 97% +/- 8.92%. Results from the study revealed that the average free glutamic acid content ranged from 0.34 +/- 0.20 to 4.63 +/- 0.41 mg g(-1) in processed foods, while in prepared dishes it was as low as 0.24 +/- 0.15 mg g(-1) in roti canai (puffed bread served with curry or dhal) to 8.16 +/- 1.99 mg g(-1) in dim sum (a small casing of dough, usually filled with minced meat, seafood, and vegetables, either steamed or fried). Relatively, the content of free glutamic acid was found to be higher in condiments at 0.28 +/- 0 mg g(-1) in mayonnaise to 170.90 +/- 6.40 mg g(-1) in chicken stock powder.
Usia tua dikaitkan dengan beberapa permasalahan gigi dan mulut seperti kehilangan gigi, kesulitan menelan dan mengunyah makanan, yang diikuti pula dengan berbagai penyakit. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut lansia di kota Banjarmasin. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode cross sectional untuk menggambarkan kualitas hidup pada lansia terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Subjek berasal dari pensiunan PNS di lingkungan Pemerintahan Kota Banjarmasin sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Sampel penelitian sebesar 58 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling dengan menggunakan kuisioner Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index (GOHAI). Analisa Data menggunakan analisa deskriptif variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, penggunaan gigi tiruan, dan kualitas hidup lansia yang diteliti dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase masing-masing kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini responden jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 62,07%, tingkat pendidikan terbanyak sarjana S1 58,62%, tidak menggunakan gigi tiruan 68,97%, kualitas hidup terbanyak kategori baik 56,90%. Kesimpulan adalah pensiunan PNS di lingkungan pemerintahan Kota Banjarmasin memiliki kualitas hidup mayoritas baik.
In the northern area of Mount Talang with some steep slopes (more than 30°), the local community implements an intensive monoculture agricultural system that can accelerate land degradation in the long term. Study was aimed to examine the soils physicochemical properties of monoculture land on several slopes in the northern foothill of Mount Talang. Survey method and soil sampling were implemented in this research, using a purposive random sampling toward the monoculture land on slopes> 45%, 25-45%, 15-25%, 8-15%, and the forest as control, at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth. The results revealed that the soil texture that dominates the forest and monoculture cropping system is sandy loam. In addition, soil water content increases by the increased soil layer depth as well, with highest level observed in monoculture cropping system 25-45% (73.72%). Soil bulk density ranging from 0.4-0.6 g / cm3, or have the same tendency at both soil depths. The total pore space of forest land and monoculture agricultural land is 75%, categorized as high. The highest soil organic C content was found in monoculture agricultural land with a slope of >45%. The value of pH for all land uses was 5.15-5.29 on acid criteria. The cation exchange capacity was above 40 me / 100g and the total N content is 0.8-1.6%, so both of them are categorized as very high. Based on the data, the soils physicochemical properties of monoculture cropping system on several slope classes similar to the forest. The land quality for monoculture cropping system is still maintained, even though it is on the upper slopes of the foothill of Mount Talang. However, in the monoculture cropping systems will trigger the loss of soil organic matter, so the addition of soil organic matter content should be prioritized, especially in the agricultural land management of this area.
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