BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases, with complications such as decreased salivary flow rate and xerostomia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the salivary flow rate and xerostomia in type I and II diabetic patients in comparison with healthy controls.MethodsThis case-control study was performed on diabetic patients of a private office in Babol, Iran, between May 2015 and October 2016. This study involved two study groups (type I and II diabetes, with 40 in each group) and two control groups (control I and II, with 35 in each group) which were age- and sex-matched with the related study groups. They were all selected through simple sampling. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected through Navazesh method and the salivary flow rate was measured (ml/min). Xerostomia was evaluated via Fox’s test. Moreover, the patients’ data were recorded including age, sex, disease duration, type of diabetes, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1C. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Independent-samples t-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multiple comparison post-hoc tests were employed as appropriated. p<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean salivary flow rate in type I diabetics (0.35±0.11 ml/min) was lower than that in control I (0.50±0.07 ml/min) (p=0.01). The same difference was observed between type II diabetics (0.37±0.13 ml/min) and control II groups (0.47±0.11 ml/min) (p=0.01). No significant difference was observed in the salivary flow rate between type I and II diabetics (p=0.345). Furthermore, xerostomia was higher in type I (2.70±2.50, 1.17±1.60) and II (2.65±2.20–1.62±1.50) diabetics compared with the related control groups (p=0.01), (p=0.02).ConclusionType I, II diabetic patients revealed lower salivary flow rate and higher xerostomia compared with healthy controls. The salivary flow rate and xerostomia had inverse correlation.

Background: The anxiety of dental conditions is very common. Salivary alpha amylase (SAA) enzyme, as a non-invasive biomarker, is considered in assessing dental anxiety.

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BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful oral lesions of which there is no certain treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chitosan mouthwash 0.5% on RAS.MethodsThis randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial was conducted at a dental school in Babol, Iran, from 2015 to 2016. Twenty patients with a history of minor aphthous stomatitis were entered into this study. All patients were initially monitored in the first episode without treatment, and then were randomly treated in three other episodes with Chitosan, Triamcinolone or Biogel mouthwashes. The ulcer size and pain intensity by using visual analogous score (VAS) were recorded in each episode. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. We used SPSS version 20 to analyze data.ResultsThe mean ulcer size on the fifth day (p=0.026, p=0.042, respectively) and VAS on the third and fifth days (p=0.011, p=0.013, respectively) were significantly less in Triamcinolone and Chitosan groups than Biogel and the no treatment episode. There were no significant differences between Chitosan and Triamcinolone groups in the average ulcer size and pain intensity in all the examination days.ConclusionsChitosan mouthwash is effective on pain relief and reducing ulcer size of minor aphthous stomatitis and this effect is almost the same as Triamcinolone mouthwash.Clinical trial registrationThe study was registered and approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with IRCT ID: IRCT2015030718753N2.FundingThe study was funded by Deputy of Research and Technology of Babol University of Medical Sciences (ref. no.: 9133625).