Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate effects of eight weeks of aquatic exercise and resistance training on plasma neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) levels and NT-4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Thirty women with MS were randomly assigned to a resistance-training group, an aquatic exercise group and a control group. After separating plasma and PBMCs from blood samples, level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression was measured after eight weeks of exercise via ELISA and Real-time PCR, respectively. Results: The level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression increased significantly following eight weeks of aquatic training and resistance training. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, both resistance training and aquatic exercise can increase the level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression in female MS patients. It can be concluded that such trainings could have protective and positive effects on the nervous system of MS patients.
In this research, the effects of speed and weight on needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles subjected to CBR and Puncture tests were investigated. Polyester nonwoven fabrics with different weights (460, 715, 970 and 1070 g/m2) were prepared. The CBR test (ASTM D 6241) was conducted with five speeds, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mm/min on geotextile layers, while the Puncture test (ASTM D 4833) was carried out at a standard speed of 300 mm/min on the same fabrics. Based on the load-elongation curves of these two tests, different puncture parameters, including puncture resistance (puncture force at failure), elongation at maximum force and puncture energy, were measured and statistically analyzed using ANOVA and multiple-range test methods. The results of the CBR tests indicate that the fabric weight significantly influenced the puncture resistance as well as the puncture energy and elongation while speed only affected the fabric puncture resistance and puncture energy. On the other hand, in the Puncture test, the fabric weight influenced all measured parameters.
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six months of aerobic exercise on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged obese women.Methods: Fifteen obese woman (age range: 35 to 45 years) with BMI of ≥30 Kg/m 2 were enrolled via purposeful and convenience sampling. The participants were randomly divided into training (n=10) and control (n=5) groups. Blood samples (7 ml) were taken from all participants before the first training session and after the last training session. The women performed 60 minutes of aerobic exercise at 55-65% of heart rate reserve, three sessions a week, for six months. Data was analyzed using independent and paired t-tests and Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests at significance of 0.05.Results: After the six-month aerobic exercise, C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol decreased significantly. The exercise intervention also caused a significant increase in the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A. Exercise, physical activity, and endurance training can act as therapeutic factors for patients with atherosclerosis (11). Recent studies show that regular exercise can lower LDL levels by 5% and subsequently increase HDL by 3 to 6% (12). Long-term exercise directly reduces CRP levels by decreasing cytokine production in adipose tissue, muscles, and mononuclear cells and increasing insulin sensitivity, all of which contribute to weight loss and improvement of endothelial function (13). In recent years, the protein component of lipoproteins has attracted the attention of researchers, and many studies have shown that serum levels of HDL and LDL depend on the production of ApoA and ApoB. In addition, ApoA and ApoB levels have a negative and positive correlation with risk of cardiovascular disease, respectively (14). Hence, this study evaluated the effects of six months of aerobic training on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese women (with BMI of ≥30). Conclusion MATERIAL AND METHODSFifteen obese woman (age range: 35 to 45 years) with BMI of ≥30 Kg/m 2 were enrolled via purposeful and convenience sampling. After obtaining consent and completion of a health questionnaire, the participants were randomly divided into training (n=10) and control (n=5) groups. Exclusion criteria included drug use, menopause, smoking, and regular exercise in the last six months. First, anthropometric characteristics such as height, weight, and BMI of the women were recorded. Then, they participated in a briefing before the start of the training protocol. To evaluate the variables under study, fasting blood samples (7 ml) were taken from all participants in a sitting position before the first training session (pretest) and after complication of the last training session (post-test). The women performed 60 minutes of aerobic exercise, three sessions a week, for ...
Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. This study examined the effects of cardiac rehabilitation exercise on lipid profile and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) gene in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, after screening, patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=12) and a control group (n=12). After the surgery and discharge from hospital, the experimental group performed rehabilitation exercise for two months, while the control group did not perform any exercise after discharge from the hospital and the initial phase of rehabilitation. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the last training session to evaluate biochemical variables and PPAR-α gene expression of lymphocytes. PPAR-α expression level was assessed by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was done in the SPSS software (version 20) using repeated measures. Results: In the follow-up after the two-month cardiac rehabilitation exercise, the PPAR-α gene was significantly overexpressed and plasma HDL levels increased significantly in the training group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Although the concentrations of LDL and triglycerides decreased in the experimental group, this reduction was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that the protocols carried out in the study could be utilized for improving HDL levels and cardiovascular function in CABG patients.
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on serum iron, serum ferritin, platelet count, mean platelet volume, and some immunity indices in non-athlete females.Methods: In this study, 30 non-athlete females aged 30-45 years were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was subjected to perform aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximal heart rate for eight weeks, three sessions per week and one hour per session. Blood parameters were measured before the exercise program and after the completion of program by taking 2 ml blood samples from the venous vein of the participants in the sitting position. Finally, t-test was used to compare the pretest and post-test means of each group and independent t-test was used to compare the two groups at significance of 0.05.Results: After eight weeks of aerobic exercise, there was a significant increase in mean platelet volume and a significant decrease in serum iron and ferritin levels in the experimental group (P <0.05). There was a slight decrease in the number of platelets, white blood cells, granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes (P<0.05).Conclusion: We recommend physical education instructors, athletes and nonathletes to consider iron supplementation during aerobic exercise, and modify appropriate training intensity based on the fitness and age of trainees to prevent risk of anemia.
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