Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters for the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Bener Meriah Regency. Design/methodology/approach The experiments were performed inside the screen house using a random design of factorial group with six repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of two factors. Factor I is the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers. Factor II is the application of organic matters (T. diversifolia and the coffee bean skins). The parameters observed were as follows: enhancement of plant height was observed every 30 days for 270 days, and a number of primary branch and dry weight of roots were observed 270 days after planting (DAP). The data obtained were analyzed by analyzing the variance at 5 per cent level; if the treatment had an effect, then the treatment was continued to Duncan’s multiple range test at 5 per cent. Findings The application of microorganisms of phosphate provider increases the height improvement, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of Listeria sp. microorganisms of phosphate provider gives the highest yield on the height increase, the number of primary branches and the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of organic matters of coffee beans skin gives higher yield than Tithonia diversifolia in height and dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction between the application of microorganisms of phosphate provider and organic matters increases the dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. The interaction of Listeria sp.-skin of coffee beans gives the highest yield on dry weight of roots of Arabica coffee seedlings. Originality/value Several other studies have demonstrated that the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Fitriatin et al., 2014; Sembiring et al., 2017) and mycorrhizal use (Hart and Trevors, 2005; Rouphael et al., 2015) increased the growth and yield plant. No previous study comprehensively studied the application of microorganisms of phosphate providers and organic matters to improve the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings in Andisol in Bener Meriah Regency.
Forests degradation causes forestry businesses to be economically less profitable than other agribusiness commodities, thus triggering the policies of governments that plan to convert natural forests to other uses, such as industrial forest plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of biomass and carbon stores in eucalyptus stands in industrial plantation forests, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was carried out in Industrial Plantation Forest of Toba Pulp Lestari Areas, Toba Samosir, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Analysis of carbon content was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemical Products of Forest, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Preparation of research permanent sample plots (PSP) was carried out using the nesting plot method. The research permanent sample plot (PSP) made was three plots. Analysis of biomass and carbon was done by the destructive method felling of sample trees and measuring their diameter, length, and wet weight. To find out the eucalyptus carbon content, we took the samples from each part of the plant and tested in a laboratory. The results showed that the average carbon content of Eucalyptus stands on the main stem was 34.66%, in the branch was 25.75%, and in the leaf was 22.46%, respectively. This research found that the selected allometric equations for estimating the carbon stock of eucalyptus stands was W = -174.670 + 0.347D2 + 8.180H and C = -55.668 + 0.085D2 + 2.947H (W=biomass; C=carbon; D= diameter at breast height; H=height). This research indicated that the carbon potential of eucalyptus stands was 71.05 tons/ha and 26.23 tons C/ha.
Bener Meriah district is one of the arabica coffee producing regions in Indonesia with an average production of 700-800 kg ha−1 year−1. Most of arabica coffee in this area are grown in Andisol. This study aims to determine the P status of Andisol, namely P-available, P-total, P-retention, P content of arabica coffee leaves and the correlation between soil P-available and P content of arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah district. This research was conducted using survey methods. The observed parameters were made on Andisol planted with arabica coffee which is located at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m above mean sea level (AMSL) at slopes 0-3, 3-8, 8-15, 15-30, and >30% respectively. The results showed that Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-available ranging from 0.3 to 12.81 ppm (very low-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) had P-available at very low and low levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-total ranging from 159.4 to 1,246.7 ppm (low-very-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) have P-total at moderate, high and very high levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-retention ranging from 85.2 to 87.4%. Arabica coffee leaves have P content levels ranging from 0.10% to 0.23%. Most of the arabica coffee leaves (78.57%) were observed have P content at a minimum level.; there is a close relationship between soil P-available with P content of arabica coffee leaves with a value of r = 0.97.
High phosphate retention in andisol soils causes low P-Availability in the soil. Nutrient phosphate has a very important role in plant growth. Actinomycetes can be used to dissolve phosphates that are bound to the soil. This research aims to obtain Actinomycetes and tests their effect on increasing the availability of phosphate. This research was carried out in the Soil Biology Laboratory with 2 stages, namely: 1. Isolation and Purification and 2. Test potential of Actinomycetes on Pykovskaya media with several phosphate sources (Ca3(PO4)2; AlPO4 and FePO4). The results obtained showed that there were 17 Actinomycetes isolates isolated from andisol soil at various locations. Some Actinomycetes obtained have the ability to dissolve P-not available into P available on solid pykovskaya media with various phosphate sources (Ca3(PO4)2; AlPO4 and FePO4) but with different abilities.
The burning of crop residues is one of national problems in Egypt especially after harvesting or threshing operations to the different crops. The main objective in the present study is: Design, fabricate and evaluate the mechanical system of threshing and handling rice straw directly to the baler. A conveyor belt was desgined to transport the rice straw from threshing machine to the baler. Selections of all bearings of the mechanical system were done according to the load carrying capacity. Welding joints were checked against the stresses. The fuel consumption was measured for the system. The power requirement to operate the belt conveyor and baler was calculated. All power calculations were provided to indicate the size of tractor and evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Several experiments and tests were carried out at different speeds. The conveyor dimensions were determined to be 3000 mm length, 750 mm width and the height was variable to be adjusted opposite to the machine throw and the feeding of baler. The belt conveyor was covered with a canvas to reduce dust broadcasting. INTRODUCTION n Egypt, there are about 1.6 millions feddans cultivated with rice each year (The Agricultural Magazine 2007). This produces about 4 to 5 million tones of rice straw. This quantity presents a sizable problem to the farmers, government and the environment. The output of the threshing operation contain different fine particles sizes, and several types of microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Yeasts, Alternaria, cladosparium and Mucor
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