The burning of crop residues is one of national problems in Egypt especially after harvesting or threshing operations to the different crops. The main objective in the present study is: Design, fabricate and evaluate the mechanical system of threshing and handling rice straw directly to the baler. A conveyor belt was desgined to transport the rice straw from threshing machine to the baler. Selections of all bearings of the mechanical system were done according to the load carrying capacity. Welding joints were checked against the stresses. The fuel consumption was measured for the system. The power requirement to operate the belt conveyor and baler was calculated. All power calculations were provided to indicate the size of tractor and evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Several experiments and tests were carried out at different speeds. The conveyor dimensions were determined to be 3000 mm length, 750 mm width and the height was variable to be adjusted opposite to the machine throw and the feeding of baler. The belt conveyor was covered with a canvas to reduce dust broadcasting. INTRODUCTION n Egypt, there are about 1.6 millions feddans cultivated with rice each year (The Agricultural Magazine 2007). This produces about 4 to 5 million tones of rice straw. This quantity presents a sizable problem to the farmers, government and the environment. The output of the threshing operation contain different fine particles sizes, and several types of microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Yeasts, Alternaria, cladosparium and Mucor
There are many devices to test the injectors of a diesel engine, but most of it is operating manually, maintenance and repair centers mostly have used the manually device which depended on the hand of operator to operate it therefore there are inaccuracies in tests. The injector tester device was modified from manual operation to mechanical operation to achieve the uniformity of the injection pressure during the injector test, install of reading, save time and accuracy of testing. Injector tester before the modification was consisted of small fuel tank, pump, pressure gauge, handle pumping and connecting tube. The injector tester device after the modification was consisted of main frame, fuel tank, injection unit, power transmission and measuring table. From the experiments the fuel consumption was increased with injector tester device before modification than device after modification that with three different injectors due to the regularity of the motion in the mechanical device, but the manual device that is dependent on operator and the irregularity of motion which cause irregularity of pressure. Also, the fuel consumption was decreased with injectors' faults. This is indicating of accuracy reading pressure with the modified devices compared with the device before modified. The results indicated for the important factors which effect on the regularity of injection pressure during the injector testing. The injection pressure for modifying tester device was 175 bar and fuel consumption was 0.73 L/h. The injection pressure and fuel consumption for tester device before modification were 210 bar and 4.73 L/h respectively. The rate of reducing can be concluded by using the modified tester device for the injection pressure was 1:0.83 and for fuel consumption was 1:0.155 as compared with the manual tester.
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