The current study investigated the effect of acidophilus plus probiotic in the immune activities in mice to infestation with the cystic echinococcosis. Two dilutions of the probiotic bacteria 9*10 6 /0.1 ml, 30*10 3 /0.1 ml CFU were used, by intraperitoneally injection in the experimental animals, pre and post infections with protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. Before infection remedy comprised injection by acidophilus plus twice with 72 hours interval, on the seventh day, animals were injected with protoscoleces intraperitoneally, after infection remedy implicated injection of animals with protoscoleces of Echinococcus protoscoleces first, next to 72 hours, probiotics were inoculated intraperitoneally. Many criteria were taken into consideration including, numbers, weights, diameters and percentage reduction of hydatid cysts of treated mice in contrast to the animals infested with only. The study showed a decline in cysts including their diameter, weighting, digit, accompanied by increasing the percentage reduction of hydatid cysts in treated mice, the highest percentage reduction was 98.03%, at both dilutions, 6 months post infection, and the minimum cysts number was 0.8 in comparison with the control group 39.4, with significant difference, in the same experiment. The minimum cysts weight was 0.0104 gm, 6 months post infection at the dilution 9*10 6 /0.1 ml CFU, compared with the control group 0.442 gm. The smallest cysts diameter was 0.057 mm in comparison with the control group 0.882 mm at dilution 9*10 6 /0.1 ml CFU, 6 months post infection. Acidophilus plus it may well be deduced that probiotic bacteria can be used as medicinal and remedial method against infection with hydatidosis.

Background Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder characterized by qualitative and quantitative deficiency of factor VIII (FVIII). The development of inhibitor antibodies against FVIII is the most challenging complication of treatment. Mutations in the FVIII gene is one of the genetic factors that leads to development of FVIII inhibitors especially intron 22 inversion (Inv22). Objectives This study was carried out to assess the frequency of Inv22 of FVIII gene in Egyptian patients with hemophilia A and its role as a risk factor for developing inhibitors. Patients and methods Seventy-two patients with severe HA and 48 patients with moderate HA were enrolled in the current study. All patients were treated on demand with either plasma-derived factor VIII or recombinant factor VIII concentrates. Genotyping of FVIII Inv22 was performed by LD-PCR while the presence and magnitude of inhibitor activity in blood was determined by the Bethesda assay. Results Around 23% of all hemophilia cases had positive Inv22. Intron 22 inversion mutation was detected in 6 and 33% of patients with moderate and severe HA respectively. Twenty-one cases (18%) of all hemophilic patients developed inhibitors. Thirty-7% of patients with Inv22 had inhibitor in their blood, almost all, but one, had severe HA. The risk of an inhibitor development during replacement therapy was four folds higher among Inv22 positive cases as compared with mutation negative peers (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6–11.9, P = 0.003). Conclusions The prevalence of Inv22 of F VIII in Egyptian hemophiliacs is nearly like that of other population. This mutation was more frequently detected among severe hemophilic patients as compared with moderately affected peers. The presence of Inv22 mutation significantly predispose to FVIII inhibitor development.

The present research explained the impact of ultrasound on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro application of fixed frequency waves at 20000 pulse/sec and 1.8 w/cm 2 , with different exposing periods, thirty, twenty, fifteen, twelve, ten and five seconds respectively, subsequently prevention of mice against interjected with minor hydatid cysts, in comparison with the control animals infected with protoscolices without exposure to ultrasound waves, depending on many criteria including the numbers, weights and diameters of developed hydatid cysts. The results displayed an obvious impact of ultrasound waves on Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices viability number by increase of exposure period in vitro, in addition to a decrease of 100% of hydatid cysts numbers in the dealt ones with 17% fertility exposed for 20 seconds, the reduction rate was 99.23% in the group of fertility 35% which exposed for 15 seconds, after four and five months of infection.

No abstract

The present study investigated the effect of the Nd-TAG Laser radiation 1000 mw on the viability of the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro, for different durations 40,60,120 and 240 minutes, and on the immune response in BALB/c mice against infection with secondary hydatid disease by injecting the mice with protoscoleces of Echinococus granulosus treated with laser radiation, 70%,57%,50% and 40% viability, compared with the control group of (mice injected with untreated protoscolices with the laser radiation) through three months, depending on many criteria including numbers, weights and diameters of the hydatid cysts and the percentage of reduction of their numbers. The results revealed an obvious decrease in the mean of number, weights and diameters of secondary hydatid cysts, during three months, in treated mice the minimum number was, 0.00 in 240 minutes, one month post infection,at (P<0.01) in comparison with the positive control group, 2.6, 3.404mg and 2.48mm, respectively.

This study determined the influence of selenium nanoparticles on the vitality of the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro; seven concentrations were used: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350, and 500 µg/ml for different exposure times: ten, twenty, thirty, and sixty minutes, respectively. Albino mice Mus musculus were injected with protoscoleces exposed to nanoparticles at 100, 150, and 200 µg/ml concentrations for 60 minutes. In contrast, control groups were injected with non-exposed protoscoleces. Mice were dissected three, four-, and five-months post infestation. Many criteria were relied on: numbers, weights, diameters of growing hydatid cysts, and their reduction proportion. The outcomes uncovered an apparent influence of selenium nanoparticles on the viability of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granlosus by the increase in exposure time in vitro, as well as diminish in the numbers of the larvae in processed mice versus the unprocessed collection; no cysts evolved inside processed mice at the concentration 200 µg/ml, threeand four-months post-infection. In contrast, the reduction rate was 90% in mice injected with exposed protoscoleces at the concentration of 150 µg/ml next 4 and 5 months of infection.

No abstract

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus by enforcing steady numeral of frequencies during a certain interval (20000 pulse/s) (1.8 w/cm 2 ), using exposure time 30,20,15,12,10 and 5s, individually and respectively. Consequently, six albino mice groups were immunized against cystic echinococcosis, which injected with exposed protoscoleces, to acquire specific cell-mediated immunity, called delayed type-hypersensitivity (DTH) which assessment by measurement the foot pad density. The results displayed significant excess (P≤ 0.001) of DTH by increase of foot pad thickness in injected groups. The results showed maximum thickness of 1.54 mm, 1.4mm, 0.9 mm. after 3h, 24h, and 48h postinjection, respectively, that compared with the thickness of control group 1.072, 0.638, 0.328 mm, respectively, during five months of experiment. The present research exhibited the action of ultrasonication technique on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. Conclusion, Ultrasound frequencies used in the present study could be have consequential impact on the cellular immunity in albino mice.