Cost-effective and controllable synthesis of M0.25Ni0.15Cu0.25Co0.35Fe2O4 (M 2+ = Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Cd 2+ ) ferrites via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The impact of divalent cations on the structural, dielectric, optoelectrical properties of ferrites was examined by XRD, FTIR, Raman, LCR, UV-vis, and two probe I-V measurement techniques. The crystallite size was 52.66 nm and the minimum specific surface area was observed 5.1507 m 2 /g for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite. The FTIR and Raman analysis also confirmed the substitution of divalent cations (M 2+ = Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Cd 2+ ) at their respective lattice sites. The maximum energy bandgap was 1.67 eV Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite as compared to other divalent ion-doped ferrites. The dielectric loss decreased while the ac conductivity increased with increasing frequency and the minimum values were observed for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite. The activation energy was observed maximum for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite (0.2234 eV). Due to incredible properties including small specific surface area, large energy band gap, high resistivity and loss dielectric loss of Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite have potential applications in different fields.
0.5 0.25 0.25 2− 4 (x = 0.0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.0375, 0.05) ferrite powders with uniform distribution of ions and close-packed configuration were prepared via sol-gel autocombustion route. XRD spectra showed the formation of spinel-phase cubic crystalline structure. SEM results revealed that the irregularity in size and shape of particles increases, and particle distribution uniformity decreases with La 3+ concentration. Moreover, each curve of the UV-vis spectra revealed two optical energy band gaps. More importantly, DC resistivity (ρ) and the activation energy (∆ ) have minimum values at x=0.0375. The dielectric loss was explained according to Maxwell-Wager space charge polarization. The P-E loop showed the ferroelectric nature of the synthesized samples. Moreover, VSM results revealed that the as-prepared samples possessed maximum saturation magnetization (MS = 56.77 ± 0.0283) and 8-12 GHz operating microwave frequency (ωm) range at x = 0.0375. All these results show the potential of 0.5 0.25 0.25 1.9625 0.0375 4 ferrite powders for X-band microwave applications.
Highlights• Zn0.5Co0.25Cu0.25Fe2-xLaxO4 ferrite powders via simple sol-gel auto-combustion.• Crystallite size and lattice constant decrease with increasing La 3+ cations • Optical band gap energies and DC resistivity have minimum values at x=0.0375.• The ferroelectric nature of all the samples was confirmed using the P-E loop.• Maximum magnetization saturation was observed at x = 0.0375.
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