Sol–Gel Auto-combustion Preparation of M2+  = Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+ Substituted M0.25Ni0.15Cu0.25Co0.35Fe2O4 Ferrites and Their Characterizations

Abstract

Cost-effective and controllable synthesis of M0.25Ni0.15Cu0.25Co0.35Fe2O4 (M 2+ = Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Cd 2+ ) ferrites via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The impact of divalent cations on the structural, dielectric, optoelectrical properties of ferrites was examined by XRD, FTIR, Raman, LCR, UV-vis, and two probe I-V measurement techniques. The crystallite size was 52.66 nm and the minimum specific surface area was observed 5.1507 m 2 /g for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite. The FTIR and Raman analysis also confirmed the substitution of divalent cations (M 2+ = Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Cd 2+ ) at their respective lattice sites. The maximum energy bandgap was 1.67 eV Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite as compared to other divalent ion-doped ferrites. The dielectric loss decreased while the ac conductivity increased with increasing frequency and the minimum values were observed for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite. The activation energy was observed maximum for Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite (0.2234 eV). Due to incredible properties including small specific surface area, large energy band gap, high resistivity and loss dielectric loss of Mg 2+ doped NCCF ferrite have potential applications in different fields.

Study of the role of dysprosium substitution in tuning structural, optical, electrical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite multiferroic

“…The calculated values are given in Table 1. The average crystallite size (D) was calculated by using Scherer's method given in equation (2) [33];…”

“…The variation in the lattice parameters may be due to the substitution of Dy 3+ (0.92 Å) ions along with Bi 3+ (0.117 Å) ions. 4) was used to find out Nelson-Riley function F (θ) [33];…”

“…As a result of the difference in ionic radii of Dy 3+ (0.92 Å) and Bi 3+ (0.117 Å). For Dy 3+ doping x = 0.15 in BFO ferrite Cyriac et al, [31] [32,33];…”

Estimation of the spectral, electrical, and dielectric properties of Mn-Cu-Cd-Gd ferrite\graphene nanoplatelets composites

“…It may be due to the incorporation of GNPs in ferrite lattice. The dislocation density (𝛿) was calculated with help of the formula given below [14];…”

Impact of Co2+ on the spectral, optoelectrical, and dielectric properties of Mg0.25Ni0.25Cu0.5−xCoxFe1.97La0.03O4 ferrites prepared via sol–gel auto-combustion route

“…Soft ferrites are used in biomedical applications [2], cores of transformers [3], drug delivery [4], antennas [5], pharmaceutical [6], sensors [7], highfrequency power [8], and storage devices [9]. From various literature, there are several methods of preparation including the co-precipitation method [10-14], sol-gel auto combustion method [15][16][17], solid-state method [18], hydrothermal route of preparation [8], which have successfully been used to study the properties of ferrites.…”