In the past decade, flexible electronics have attracted significant research attention due to their distinct features and emerging applications in numerous fields such as, flexible displays, implantable sensors, and energy storage systems, among other applications. Due to the development of flexible electronics, this paper details the substrates employed to produce flexible electronic devices, given that substrates generally govern the overall device properties. The increase in research attention can be attributed to the use of films as flexible substrates, which enable the implementation of numerous design strategies and engineering methodologies, thus leading to extensive advances in the manufacturing quality and prospect of flexible electronics in various applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the significance of substrates in flexible wearable electronics over the past decade, such as, the substrate properties requirements, processing classification, important flexible devices, and applications, including sensing, energy storage, and other electronic devices.

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The past decade has witnessed the occurrence of novel 2D moiré patterns in nanoflatland materials. These visually beautiful moiré superlattices have become a playground on which exotic quantum phenomena can be observed. The state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques that have been developed for crafting moiré superlattices of flatland materials are reviewed. Graphene and its heterostructure with boron nitride have now sparked new interlayer twists as a new degree of freedom for tuning several angle‐dependent physical properties, e.g., the appearance of van Hove singularities, tunable Mott insulator states, and the Hofstadter butterfly pattern. Moreover, the interplay of correlated insulating states and superconductivity is recently observed for a so‐called magic‐angle twisted bilayer graphene. Furthermore, beyond graphene, other 2D materials, such as silicene, phosphorene, and the recent black phosphorus /MoS2 heterojunctions, which are 2D allotropes of bismuth and antimony grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and MoS2, are considered. Finally, the optically important exciton phenomenon, which depends on the moiré potential and has been observed for a moiré superlattice of transition metal dichalcogenides, is discussed. This overview aims to cover all the fascinating prospects that depend on the moiré superlattice, ranging from electronic structure to optical exotics among flatland materials.

Field effect transistors (FETs) have tremendous applications in electronics industry due to their outstanding features such as small size, easy fabrication, compatibility with integrated electronics, high sensitivity, rapid detection and...