Background Myopia is a common visual disorder with increasing prevalence. Halting progression of myopia is critical, as high myopia can be complicated by a number of vision-compromising conditions. Methods Literature search was conducted in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the efficacy and safety of multiple myopia interventions vs control conditions, were considered. Methodological quality and quality of evidence of eligible studies were assessed using the ROBIS tool and GRADE rating. The degree of overlapping of index publications in the eligible reviews was calculated with the corrected covered area (CCA). Results Forty-four unique primary studies contained in 18 eligible reviews and involving 6400 children were included in the analysis. CCA was estimated as 6.2% and thus considered moderate. Results demonstrated the superior efficacy of atropine eyedrops; 1% atropine vs placebo (change in refraction: -0.78D, [− 1.30 to − 0.25] in 1 year), 0.025 to 0.05% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.51D, [− 0.60 to − 0.41] in 1 year), 0.01% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.50D, [− 0.76 to − 0.24] in 1 year). Atropine was followed by orthokeratology (axial elongation: − 0.19 mm, [− 0.21 to − 0.16] in 1 year) and novel multifocal soft contact lenses (change in refraction: -0.15D, [− 0.27 to − 0.03] in 1 year). As regards adverse events, 1% atropine induced blurred near vision (odds ratio [OR] 9.47, [1.17 to 76.78]) and hypersensitivity reactions (OR 8.91, [1.04 to 76.03]). Conclusions Existing evidence has failed to convince doctors to uniformly embrace treatments for myopic progression control, possibly due to existence of some heterogeneity, reporting of side effects and lack of long-term follow-up. Research geared towards efficient interventions is still necessary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-019-1112-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The present study is the first to assess BCD prevalence in a population of retinitis pigmentosa patients, to describe clinically and angiographically its evolution from first symptom to legal blindness, and to localize the first fundus alterations not only at the posterior pole but also at the equator.

IMPORTANCE Infantile cataract surgery bears a significant risk for postoperative glaucoma, and no consensus exists on factors that may reduce this risk.OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of primary intraocular lens implantation and timing of surgery on the incidence of postoperative glaucoma.DATA SOURCES We searched multiple databases to July 14, 2013, to identify studies with eligible patients, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Central, Google Scholar, Intute, and Tripdata. We also searched abstracts of ophthalmology society meetings.STUDY SELECTION We included studies reporting on postoperative glaucoma in infants undergoing cataract surgery with regular follow-up for at least 1 year. Infants with concurrent ocular anomalies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISAuthors of eligible studies were invited to contribute individual patient data on infants who met the inclusion criteria. We also performed an aggregate data meta-analysis of published studies that did not contribute to the individual patient data. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESTime to glaucoma with the effect of primary implantation, additional postoperative intraocular procedures, and age at surgery. RESULTSSeven centers contributed individual patient data on 470 infants with a median age at surgery of 3.0 months and median follow-up of 6.0 years. Eighty patients (17.0%) developed glaucoma at a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Only 2 of these patients had a pseudophakic eye. The risk for postoperative glaucoma appeared to be lower after primary implantation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.10 [95% CI, 0.01-0.70]; P = .02; I 2 = 34%), higher after surgery at 4 weeks or younger (HR, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.14-3.84]; P = .02; I 2 = 0%), and higher after additional procedures (HR, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.11-5.72]; P = .03; I 2 = 32%). In multivariable analysis, additional procedures independently increased the risk for glaucoma (HR, 2.25 [95% CI,; P = .01), and primary implantation independently reduced it (HR, 0.10 [95% CI, 0.01-0.76]; P = .03). Results were similar in the aggregate data meta-analysis that included data from 10 published articles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEAlthough confounding factors such as size of the eye and surgeon experience are not accounted for in this meta-analysis, the risk for postoperative glaucoma after infantile cataract surgery appears to be influenced by the timing of surgery, primary implantation, and additional intraocular surgery.

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Background:The aim of this study was to develop MNREAD acuity charts in the Greek language (MNREAD-GR) and establish their repeatability in a normal-sighted population. Methods: One hundred and eighty Greek sentences were constructed based on the design principles of the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test. The software used to validate them for width was adjusted to the parameters of the non-Latin characters used in the Greek language (MNTest-GR) and width-validated sentences were then checked for literacy by two language teachers. Pilot testing followed in 20 adults and two groups of 20 children. Subsequently, three versions of the MNREAD-GR chart were printed and validated for repeatability: 20 adults read MNREAD-GR charts 1, 2 and 3 in random order over two sessions. A linear mixed-model analysis was performed for near visual acuity (VA), maximum reading speed and critical print size to identify the contribution of each source (individual subject, session, chart and residual error) to the total variance. Subject variance determined the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: One hundred of the initial 180 sentences were validated with MNTest-GR and approved for literacy correctness. Of those, 57 sentences were selected after pilot testing, and used in the final printed chart in random distribution among three versions. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.72 for VA, 0.87 for maximum reading speed and 0.46 for critical print size. The between-charts within-session within-subject component accounted for a maximum five per cent of the variance. The betweensessions within-subject component had a maximum of one per cent. The coefficient of repeatability was 0.08 logMAR for VA, 46.96 words per minute for maximum reading speed and 0.10 logMAR for critical print size. Conclusion:The created MNREAD-GR acuity chart is a standardised clinical test that can be used reliably to measure near acuity, reading speed and critical print size in Greek-speaking literate patients of all ages.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the largest reported series of late-stage Coats undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, a homogenous cohort of patients treated with a single agent and with the longest follow-up. This study supports the role of ranibizumab in advanced disease by transient restoration of the hemato-retinal barrier and suppression of neovascularization to facilitate classic treatment. At the last follow-up, the authors report unprecedented anatomical success and functional outcome.

Mutation in the TULP1 gene is a rare cause of LCA/EORD, with only 14 mutations reported so far. The observed intrafamilial phenotypic variability could be attributed to disease progression or possibly modifier alleles. This study provides the first description of FAF and quantitative reflectivity profiles in TULP1-related retinopathy.

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