The present study was aimed to detect the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes and plasmid profile of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seawater and sediment of different beaches in Malaysia. Forty five isolates, including 24 seawater and 21 sediment isolates of V. alginolyticus were tested against 14 antibiotics for the antibiogram profile and the presence of the plasmids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to elucidate the presence of 7 antibiotic resistance genes including Streptomycin resistance (strB), β-lactamase resistance (blaP1), Chloramphenicol Resistance (floR), Tetracycline Resistance (tetA), Erythromycin resistance (ermB), Quinolone resistance protein (qnrA) and Aminoglycosides resistance (aac(3)-IIa). Antibiotic resistance studies revealed that in seawater isolates, the highest percentage of antibiotic resistant was obtained against erythromycin E and penicillin P (100%), whereas the lowest antibiotic resistant percentage was obtained from both chloramphenicol C and nalidixic acid NA (16.66 %). The sediment isolates of V. alginolyticus showed 100% resistance against both penicillin P and ampicillin AM and the lowest percentage was of gentamycin CN (0 %). There were 17 different antibiotic patterns were observed from the V. alginolyticus in this study. The plasmid size was ranged from 2.3 Kb to 21.6 Kb, while there was no detection of plasmid in19 isolates. The highest resistance gene percentage of seawater isolates was found to be ermB (91.66%) which was followed by blapl with 70.83% of resistance gene. The lowest percentage of resistance gene was floR with 16.66% of resistance gene. The highest percentage of resistance gene in seawater isolates was found to be tetA with 61.9% of resistance gene and the lowest percentage was obtained from floR which had 14.28% resistance gene. The finding of this study was showen high percentage of resistance genes in seawater than sediment isolates. These results suggest that the V. alginolyticus isolated from seawater and sediments observed in this study were pathogenic, and involved a source of antibiotic resistance genes that could be transmitted to other population of bacteria through mobile genetic elements.
Globally, antibiotic resistance among oral microbiota has constituted an increasing health challenge, and limited information regarding such resistance is available. This study was designed to isolate both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from different sources of oral samples and screen the isolates for biofilm forming and antibiotics resistance abilities. A total of 72 samples were collected, 21, 31 and 20 were from saliva, teeth and necrotic roots canals respectively. In general, among 267 total isolates, 16.2% were identified as Enterococcus sp. and it was considered as the most prevalence genus, followed by Streptococcus sp.
Globally, the wide use of antibiotics in human treatments, animal food supplements, and agriculture practice was the main cause of the emergence of multi antibiotics resistant strains of bacteria which led to a critical health problem. The purpose of this study was to reviewing the antibiotics resistance ability of strong biofilm former isolates isolated from saliva, teeth and necrotic roots canals. Biofilm formation assay was done by using Microtiter plate method (MTP), among 267 bacterial isolates (137 from saliva, 88 from teeth and 42 from necrotic roots canal), 104 isolates (55 from saliva, 32 from teeth and 17 from necrotic roots canals) were considered as strong biofilm former and were screened according to its antibiotics resistance ability. The results showed that almost all the isolates can form visible growing biofilms when compared to the controls, though with difference in the degree of adhesions (strong, moderate and weak). Enterococcus sp. isolated from saliva, teeth and necrotic roots canals was the strongest biofilm former bacteria and as well as the most antibiotic resistant isolates. Further, the study revealed that antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from saliva, teeth and necrotic roots canals of patients with dental caries conditions is associated with biofilm formation.
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