Detection of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid profile and molecular typing among Vibrio vulnificus isolated from Malaysian seawater and sediment

Drais, Ashraf Abbas; Alwan, Merriam Ghadhanfar; Bloh, Anmar Hameed; Ali, Ahmad; Sahrani, Fathul Karim; Usup, Gires

doi:10.26808/rs.st.i8v4.11

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“…High resistance of bacteria from aquatic environments especially vibrios, towards ampicillin and other β-lactam Isolates having MAR index >0.2 were considered to be recovered from low risk sources of antibiotic contamination (Krumperman, 1983). groups of antibiotics has already been reported by the researchers (Elmahdi et al, 2016;Kathleen et al, 2016;Drais et al, 2018;Mohamad et al, 2019), which was not surprising as these antibiotics were among the first antibiotics introduced since the discovery of penicillin. Similarly, absence of resistance against less commonly used drugs viz., third generation cephalosporin, carbapenem groups, chloramphenicol, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole confirmed that level of resistance among bacteria is related to the frequency of antibiotics usage as hypothesized by other researchers (Austin and Anderson, 1999;Hatha et al, 2005;Lim and Kasing, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi from natural disease outbreaks of marine/estuarine fishes

et al. 2021

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Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi are the causative agents of the most severe diseases of marine and brackish aquaculture systems. These are also associated with serious ailments in humans. The present paper unravels the virulence features/genes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes/genes of these Vibrio spp. isolated from natural disease outbreaks of marine/estuarine fishes of India for the first time. Results on virulence features showed that V. vulnificus infected fish can pose public health risk. While, it has been found clinically that V. parahaemolyticus without tdh and trh genes are pathogenic to fish, even though they are reported to be, not associated with human diseases. It was significant to note that virulence features of V. harveyi were induced at increased salinity. Analysis based on the percentage prevalence of susceptible isolates and variation coefficient of zone diameters categorized 17 antibiotics in terms of their efficiency against each fish pathogenic species. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARi) of the isolates ranged between 0.058 and 0.47. Results on MARi and percentage of multidrug resistance strains indicated that >50% of the isolates were from low antibiotic usage area. The study generated tetH sequence from V. parahaemolyticus for the first time, and the sequence revealed high identity to that of clinical strains. Presence of tetB/ tetH gene was identified as the predictor for the resistance against the first generation tetracycline, the most commonly used antibiotic against Vibrio spp. in aquaculture practices. The data on associations between AMR features predicted certain cross-resistance between antimicrobials within Vibrio spp. Altogether, the paper serves as the baseline for epizootic tracking of public health significant vibrios from diseased fishes, to devise practical guidelines for antibiotic use and to formulate efficient control measures against three Vibrio spp. in aquaculture, targeting final applications in the implementation of national green and healthy aquaculture practices.

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