Background: Agriculture by-products are considered a great potential value for utilization by ruminants as well as rabbits. They usually can be the maintenance and part of the production requirements. However, in developing countries, as well as in Egypt, animals suffer from shortage of feeds that are continuously increasing in costs. In general, biological treatments were shown to be the most effective and improved chemical composition of rice straw or corn stalks. Method: This work aimed to investigate the possible ways of utilizing rice straws or corn stalks in rabbit feeding. The field work is designed to study the effect of biological treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on rice straws and Trichoderma reesei cultivated on corn stalks and replacing clover hay by rice straws and corn stalks at levels of 0, 33, 66, and 100% either without or with microbes adding. Seventy-eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 4-5 weeks (565 ± 13.57 g) were randomly divided into thirteen equal experimental groups. Results: Untreated rice straws or biologically treated with Pleurotus ostreatus increased their contents of crude protein (CP) by 178.75 and 224.5% and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) by 6.30 and 24.53, respectively. Meanwhile, crude fiber (CF) content was reduced by 31.32 and 56.75%, and organic matter content was decreased by 2.81 and 5.51%, respectively, in comparison with the raw rice straws. Also, biological treatment of rice straws caused a decrease in values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and hemicellulose contents in comparison with either raw or treated rice straws. Furthermore, biological treatment with Trichoderma reesei realized a decrease in organic matter (OM), CF, NDF, and ADF and increased CP and ash contents in corn stalks. NFE content of corn stalks was decreased as a result of treatment without or with Trichoderma reesei experimental rations by 11.95% and 3.82% compared to raw corn stalks (CS). Biological treatments with fungi significantly (P < 0.05) improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion. ADG and feed conversion were significantly (P < 0.05) improved when rabbits were fed diets containing rice straw (RS) compared to that fed CS.
T HE aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding biological treated rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus or treated corn stalks with Trichodermareesei at different levels on carcass characteristics of rabbits. Dried treated rice straw (RS) or corn stalks (CS) were used to formulate the experimental pelleted diet by substituting of berseem hay with treated rice straw with medium only (without Pleurotusostreatus) and biological treated rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus (BTRS) or treated corn stalks with medium only (without Trichodermareesei) and biological treated corn stalks with Trichodermareesei (BTCS) at different levels. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric, and to meet nutrients requirements for growing rabbits. A number of 78 weaned New-Zealand white rabbits about 6 weeks of age and weighed 500 g in average were randomly divided into 13 groups (R1 to R13) 6 rabbits in each. The experimental groups were fed as following the first group fed control diet (0% rice straw or corn stalks) and other 12 groups were fed on diets containing rice straw either with or without fungi or corn stalks either with or without fungi at 33, 66 and 100% as replacing of berseem hay (11, 22 and 33% of total diet). At the end of the experimental period (91 days), three rabbits from each group were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. The results showed that the values were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the slaughter weight (SW). The eviscerated body (EBW), carcass weight (CW1) and carcass weight and total giblets(CW2) with R13 (BTCS) ration and R6 ration were significantly (P<0.05) higher with CW1, CW2 and BTRS rations than other experimental rations. While SW, EBW, CW1 and CW2 were significantly lower with R2 (NBTRS) ration than other experimental rations. Values of the dressing percentage (DP1) showed that R6 (BTRS) ration was significantly higher while R3 (NBTRS) ration was significantly lower than other experimental rations. The values of the dressing percentage (DP3) showed that R10 (NBTCS) ration and R12 (BTCS) rations were significantly higher than other experimental rations. The average values of carcass cuts showed that R5 and R6 with (BTRS) rations were improved (P<0.05). The excellent carcass cuts weight (middle part than that of the control diet). It's worthy to recommend the treated rice straw or corn stalks with fungi to be used to enhance carcass characteristics in rabbits' diet. Conclusion :It was concluded that the treatment of rice straw with Pleurotusostreatus and corn stalks with Trichodermareesei (especially the replacement of berseem hay with 100% of the biological treated BTRS and BTCS) had beneficial returns on the carcass characteristics (traits) of the growing white New Zealand rabbits.
Background: Corn stalk as low quality roughage is high in lignocellulytic materials and low in readily available carbohydrates and nitrogen as well as several minerals. Intake and utilization of it can be increase by applying some treatments; physical, chemical, and biological methods, biological method shows the most effective method. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing clover hay (it is high quality roughage in Egypt and high price) by fungal treated corn stalks with Trichoderma ressei on carcass characteristics and meat analysis of rabbits. Forty-two weaned New Zealand white rabbits were divided to two groups. The first group (24 rabbits) was divided into 4 subgroups (6 each), and were fed diets contained 0% corn stalks (control), 33, 66, and 100% treated corn stalks with media only (without Trichoderma ressei). The second group (18 rabbits) was divided into 3 subgroups (6 each), and were fed diets contained 33, 66, and 100% fungal treated corn stalks with Trichoderma ressei as replaced of clover hay (11, 22, and 33% of whole), each group was divided into 3 replicates (2 each). At the end of the trial, 3 rabbits from each group were slaughtered to derermine carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Results: There were no significant differences in values of dressing percentages either between treatments or levels. Also, the interaction between treatments and levels were no significant. Feeding fungal treated corn stalks did not significant effect on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE), while significant(P < 0.05) increased ash content compared with without Trichoderma reesei. And feeding 100% corn stalks recorded (P < 0.05) the highest value compared with levels 33 and 66%. The interaction between treatments and levels on CP, EE, and ash was significant, the results pointed that fed level of 66% treated corn stalks was significant (P < 0.05) increased CP content compared with 66% without Trichoderma reesei. Also fed level of 100% treated corn stalks was recorded (P < 0.05) the highest value of ash content compared with level of 66% treated CS and with levels of 33, 66, and 100% without Trichoderma reesei, respectively. While fed treated corn stalks at 66% significant (P < 0.05) decreased EE content compared with feeding level of 66% without Trichoderma reesei. But, there were no significant difference in DM content. It could be concluded that treated corn stalks with fungi could be used without any adverse effects and enhance carcass characteristics and chemical composition of rabbits meat.
he present study was performed to evaluate the potential use of probiotics for improving semen quality of mature NZW rabbits. Twenty adult male NZW rabbits were assigned randomly into four equal groups that were fed four experimental diets for eight weeks. All experimental groups were fed a uniform rabbits pelleted diet, where (R1) diet without addition (control), (R2) diet added with 0.1 % Bacillus subtilis, (R3) diet added with 0.1 % live Saccharomyces cerevisiae and (R4) diet added with 0.05 % Bacillus s. +0.05 % Saccharomyces c. Semen samples were collected at 5 th , 6 th , 7 th and 8 th weeks of the experimental period from all tested rabbits to evaluate ejaculate volume, total sperm output, sperm cell concentration, advanced sperm motility, sperm abnormalities, dead spermatozoa, testosterone level, initial fructose concentration and reaction time(Libido).Results obtained revealed that adding probiotics to the diet of NEW rabbit bucks improved (P> 0.05) their productive capability of male rabbit. Physical semen characteristics, blood testosterone level and initial fructose as well as the reaction time (Libido) were improved with supplemented diets, however these improvements for all parameters were associated with feeding the diet supplemented with Bacillus s. + Saccharomyces c. mixture. Therefore, it can be concluded that adding diet of buck with mixed probiotics culture of Bacillus s. and Saccharomyces c. in a ratio of (50:50 %) improved semen quality and reproductive performance.
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