A flow-injection analysis (FIA) for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was developed based on the use of tetrazolium salt, WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate sodium salt) and an enzyme reactor packed with Sepharose 4B on which xanthine oxidase (XO) and catalase were co-immobilized. WST-1 is highly water-soluble, and no adhesion of the reduced form to the FIA line was observed during continuous operation for 3 months. As optimized conditions, a sample (9 vol) was mixed with a reagent solution (1 vol) containing 3 mM hypoxanthine and 2 mM WST-1, and the mixed solution (20 µl) was injected into a carrier stream of 50 mM carbonate buffer (pH 10.2) at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Under the conditions, the concentration of the SOD preparation giving 50% inhibition (IC50) was 2.7 µg/ml and the sampling frequency was 30 samples/h. When the SOD activity in erythrocytes of rats was determined by the present FIA method, the values were linearly related to those obtained by the conventional nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay (r =0.975; n =18). The enzyme reactor was stable for at least 200 repetitive injections.

A trinuclear cobalt(III) complex, [Co3(l-his)3(μ-OH)3(μ3-O)]ClO4·H2O (l-Hhis: l-histidine), containing an incomplete cubane Co3O4 core was isolated and the structure was compared with [Co3(edma)3(μ-OH)3(μ3-O)]+ (Hedma: NH2CH2CH2NHCH2COOH) isomers. Using the edma and l-his as N–N–O type ligands, [Mo3(L)3(μ-S)3(μ3-S)]+ complexes with a Mo3S4 incomplete cubane core were also prepared, and their structures were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. A structural similarity between [Mo3(L)3(μ-S)3(μ3-S)]+ and [Co3(L)3(μ-OH)3(μ3-O)]+ is discussed; it is suggested that three N–H···O inter-ligand (intra-molecular) attractive interaction has an important role in stabilizing the incomplete cubane structure.

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Diamine-mono-dithiocarbamates are mono-basic bidentate ligand forming stable complexes with transition metals. Mixed ligand catecholato-bis (diamine-mono-dithiocarbamato) vanadium (IV) complexes were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible and 1 H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The formation of vanadium complexes was confirmed by the disappearance of υ S-H band in the complexes which was present in the ligands and incidence of υ V-S and υ V-O band in FT-IR spectra of the complexes. The mono-dithiocarbamate with one uncoordinated υ NH/NH2 group was indicated by the presence of υ N-H vibrational band in both the ligands and complexes. In the 1 H-NMR spectra, the peak for -SH proton of ligands disappeared in the complexes suggest the formation of [VL 2 Cat] complex. Non-electrolytic nature of the synthesized complexes was established by their low molar conductance values. The +4 oxidation state of vanadium was confirmed by the electronic spectra of the complexes. On the basis of all physico-chemical data, a six-coordinated octahedral structure has been suggested for catecholato-bis (diamine-mono-dithiocarbamato) vanadium (IV) complexes.

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally, with two million new cases and more than half a million deaths each year. Surgery is the key component of treating breast cancer and there are two primary types of breast surgery available: breast conservative surgery and modified radical mastectomy. The aim of this study was to compare BCS and MRM in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma. Methods: This was a prospective observational study that involved 74 patients and was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital and Enam Medical College & Hospital with an 18-months minimum follow-up. The time frame for inclusion was from July 2018 through July 2020. There were two patient groups, 37 patients in Group A who underwent breast conservative surgery and Group B was made up of 37 individuals who had MRM for early-stage breast carcinoma. Results: With a mean age of 47.65 years in the BCS group and 48.19 years in the MRM group, the operative time for BCS was 1.04±0.25 hours, whereas 3.20±0.48 hours for MRM. Statistically significant higher amount of post-operative drainage volume in MRM group compared to BCS group (p value=0.000). With an excellent aesthetic outcome rate in BCS group (p value<0.0001) as well as better quality of life than MRM group. Conclusions: Breast conservative surgery and modified radical mastectomy are both oncologically safe treatments for early-stage breast cancer with multidisciplinary approach. BCS offers less trauma, infection and hospital stay; better aesthetic outcome and quality of life than MRM, making it more deserving of being promoted clinically in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer.