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Zingiberaceae is one of the most widely distributed plants in tropic and subtropic area, about 19 genus and 375 species weredistributed in Indonesia. Based on empirical data, some of the plants were used traditionally to treat various diseases. Nowadays, Zingiberaceae plants are extensively studied for their phytochemistry and pharmacological properties included genus Hedychium. The various bioactive compounds were isolated from these plants and they were known to have the pharmacological effect. This review showed that Hedychium plants were prospective as a natural product medicine.

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Objectives: This study aimed to isolate the active compound of Michelia champaca L. bark and test its activity using mechanism-based yeast bioassay.Methods: The bark was extracted by methanol; fractionation was done by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Theactivity of LLE fractions was tested by mechanism-based yeast bioassay. The most active fraction was then separated by vacuum liquid chromatography,further separated by classical column chromatography and purified by recrystallization. The isolate was characterized by ultraviolet-visible, infraredspectrophotometric method, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric method.Results: The isolation process resulted in an isolate named MCET51. Characterization data showed that MCET51 was proved as liriodenine (C)with molecular weight 275 (m/z), an aporphine alkaloid. The activity assay showed that liriodenine was active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain1140, 1353, and 1138 with IC12 values were 22.15±1.71, 24.76±0.56, and 7.02±1.85 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusions: It can be concluded that M. champaca L. bark contained liriodenine which was active both as topoisomerase I inhibitor andtopoisomerase II inhibitor.Keywords: Michelia champaca L., Topoisomerase inhibitor, Mechanism-based yeast bioassay, Liriodenine.17H9NO3

Within a valorization program of natural regional resources, 50 ethanolic extracts of 41 indigenous plants have been subjected to chemical tests and antiviral screening. Four plants: Bryonia dioìca, Anthyllis vulneraria, Matricaria chamomilla, and M. inodora inhibit the growth of poliovirus. Furthermore, three (A. vulneraria, M. Chamomilla, and M. inodora) have an antiherpetic effect.

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Tumbuhan bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) termasuk dalam famili Lytrharceae. Famili Lythraceae telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, serta antiobesitas. Daun dan buah bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat alfa-glukosidase. Berdasarkan teori khemotaksonomi didalam tumbuhan, kemungkinan bagian lain dari tumbuhan bungur memiliki aktivitas dan kandungan kimia yang sama, sehingga dilakukan pengujian aktivitas penghambatan terhadap alfa-glukosidase pada bagian kulit batang bungur. Ekstraksi simplisia dilakukan dengan cara maserasi selama 24 jam menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Proses fraksinasi menggunakan cara Ekstraksi Cair-Cair (ECC) dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan alfa-glukosidase secara in vitro menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-VIS pada panjang gelombang 400,4 nm dengan substrat p-nitrofenil-α-D-glukopiranosid (PNPG). Akarbose digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana memiliki nilai IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 240,53±0,47 μg/ml, 186,111±1,02 μg/ml, 79,479±0,52 μg/ml dan 113,101±0,46 μg/ml. Nilai IC50 akarbose adalah sebesar 10,457±1,48 μg/ml. Ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi (air,etil asetat dan n-heksana) kulit batang bungur mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Aktivitas yang paling baik ditunjukan oleh fraksi etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 79,479±0,52 μg/ml.   Bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) is included in the Family  Lytrharceae. The Lythraceae has been known to have pharmacological activity as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiobesity. Leaves and fruits of bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) have activities to inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Based on the chemotaxonomy theory in plants, it is possible that other parts of the bungur plant have the same chemical activity and content, Hence the study to evalute the  inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase was carried out on its bark stem.The extraction of dried powder material was carried out by maceration for 24 hours using 96% ethanol. The extract was fractionated by Liquid-Liquid Extraction (ECC) method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The In vitro study of alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity using a colorimetric method with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 400.4 nm with a p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopiranoside (PNPG) substrate was performed. Akarbose was used as a standard drug.The results showed that extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed IC50 values ​​of 240.53 ± 0.47 μg / ml, 186.111 ± 1.02 μg / ml, 79.497 ± 0.52 μg/ ml and 113.101 ± 0.46 μg / ml, respectively. The IC50value of bungur was 10.457 ± 1.48 μg / ml. Extracts and fractions (water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of bark stem were able to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. Theethyl acetate fraction showed the strongestactivity with IC50 value of 79,479 ± 0.52 μg / ml

Brugmansia leaf (Solanaceae) is an alternative source of tropane alkaloids such as hyocyamine, scopolamine and atropine. Three species of Brugmansia can be found in Indonesia, namely B. suaveolens B. et Pr., B. candida Pers and B. versicolor. Both B. suaveolens and B. candida have white corolla but the former has two layers while the latter has one layer only. B. versicolor can be distinguished from the other two Brugmansia by a yellowish single corolla layer. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the alkaloid from the leaves of B. suaveolens and B. candida is indistinguishable, although the total alkaloid content of the latter is higher than the former (Meijer 1957;Serrano et al. 1977). However, it is almost impossible to distinguish between these species by metabolite analysis (TLC) or morphological observation when they are not flowering. Recently, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has been used to help classify natural medicines (Kohjyouma et al. 1998) and the DNA extraction method has been improved (Yamazaki et al. 1995). In our study, DNA isolation followed by RAPD analysis was conducted to assess the potential for this method to distinguish the three species of Brugmansia. Leaves from several regions in West Java in Indonesia were analysed to determine if these was any regional variation in DNA, either between species, or within one species.Leaves were collected from Lembang, Pangalengan and Bandung (Dago) in District of West Java. Several mg of freeze-dried leaf samples were ground to a powder in