Aims and objectives: To identify the most common serious adverse events that occurred in nursing homes and their most frequent contributing factors to the improvement of safe nursing care.Background: There is a need to improve safe nursing care in nursing homes. Resi-

Aim To investigate what registered nurses (RNs) with a PhD working in clinical practice experience in terms of their role, function and work context. Background Previous studies have shown that RNs with a graduate degree contribute to better and safer care for patients. However, little is known about what further academic schooling of RNs, at PhD level, means for clinical practice. Method Qualitative design, with semi‐structured interviews and inductive content analysis. Results The main areas of responsibilities for RNs with a PhD working in clinical practice were related to practice development and implementation of research results. In their work, they experienced barriers to the full use of their competence; the expectations and prerequisites of the organisation were not clearly defined, and they often lacked a mandate to create conditions for quality improvement of nursing care. Conclusions RNs with a PhD can contribute to evidence‐based practice (EBP), clinical training, as well as the development of clinical research. Their roles and responsibilities need to be clarified, and for this, they need support from managers. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse managers have the opportunity to partner with RNs with a PhD to support the EBP process and help structure nursing practice in more efficient ways.

Resources for patients to participate in their own care needs to be a priority underpinning policy-making in health systems. Nursing education systems need to teach students about the value and benefits of involving patients in their care.

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Title. Elderly peoples' experience of nursing care after a stroke: from a gender perspective. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore, from a gender perspective, older people's experiences of nursing care after a stroke. Background. Little attention has been given to gender differences in nursing care. The majority of people who have a stroke are older. Improving knowledge of the gender perspectives of older men and women regarding nursing care after stroke is crucial.Method. This was a qualitative study based on interviews with five women and five men between 66 and 75 years of age, who had received nursing care at a ward for stroke rehabilitation. The data were collected in 2006. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews was carried out. Findings. A main theme and five categories, all common to both men and women, were identified. The main theme, to promote recovery of the body, encompassed the categories. There were, however, gender differences in how the nursing care received was experienced. The ways patients experienced nursing care seemed to be linked with their lives as women and men before they had the stroke. Their perceptions are linked with their lives as women and men before they had their stroke. Both men and women will reclaim former abilities but what they perceive to be the goals of nursing care and rehabilitation may differ. Conclusion. Nurses need to increase their awareness and knowledge concerning the similarities and gender differences in the experiences and needs of older people, both men and women.

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Patient involvement in surgical care-Healthcare personnel views and behaviour regarding patient involvement Background: All professions in surgical care have a responsibility to include patients in their health care. By Swedish law, all care should be done in dialogue with the patient. The essential part of health care is the meeting between patient and healthcare professional. In the interaction, a decision can be made, and needs can be identified to a safer care. Previous studies on patient participation have focussed on patients' perspectives in surgical care, but there is a paucity of studies about the personnel's perspective of estimated patient involvement in surgical care. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and describe healthcare personnel's view and behaviour regarding patient involvement in surgical care. Method: A quantitative study with various professions was conducted. A validated questionnaire was used, remaining questions grouped under following areas: patient involvement, acute phase, hospital time, discharge phase and questions on employment and workplace. Results: A total of 140 questionnaires were sent out to a surgical clinic in Sweden, and 102 questionnaires were answered. All professionals stated that clear information is an important part of patient involvement in surgical care. Statistically significant differences existed between the professions in the subscale information. Physicians rated their information higher than the Registered Nurses (p = 0.005) and the practical nurses did (p = 0.001). Hindrances to involving patients were lack of time and other priority tasks. Conclusions: Professionals in surgical care graded information to be the most important thing for patient involvement. Participation in important decisions, including the possibility to express personal views and ask questions, is important factors for patient involvement. Barriers against patient involvement are lack of time and prioritisation of other work activities.

A simple and rapid method for Shiga toxin punfication based on specdic bmdmg to the Galcr 1-+4Gal~l-+4Glc globotrioslde tnsaccharlde covalently hnked to polyacryl/polyvmyl (Fractogel) has been developed A cell-free somcate-filtrate of ShrgeNa dysenterzne type 1, stram ll4Sd was passed over the globotrroslde-Fractogel column, and bound toxm eluted with 6 M guamdme-HCl A yield of 36 mg pure toxm/l somcate-filtrate was obtamed, 1 e a one step 1224-fold punficatlon The recovery of blologlcally active toxin was 87% The toxm was purified to homogenaty as shown by native PAGE and SDS-PAGE