This study tested the hypothesis that individual counselling in the third trimester would increase postpartum contraceptive use to a greater extent than only providing an educational leaflet. A total of 180 third trimester pregnant women of mean age 28.3 years who were attending Marmara University Hospital for prenatal care were enrolled. One-third were randomly allocated to receive prenatal contraceptive counselling and the remaining two-thirds (control group) received an educational leaflet. Participants were followed-up at 6 -9 months postpartum. The majority of subjects (91.5%) wanted to use contraception after delivery but 26.7% did not know which method to use. At followup, 79.6% of all women had begun a postpartum contraceptive regime and 68.7% were using a modern contraceptive method. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in postpartum contraception use between the control and intervention groups in this study population. It is, therefore, concluded that prenatal counselling was not superior to educational leaflets for increasing the use of effective and modern postpartum contraception.

Family-based behavioral group treatment and game (Kaledo) intervention were found to be effective in childhood obesity management in this research. There was no significant difference between the two interventions. According to this study, these intervention models can be advised to primary care physicians to be used in the management of childhood obesity. What is Known: - Family-based behavioral group treatment is known as the most efficient model for childhood obesity management. What is New: - In this study, for the first time, a game (Kaledo) intervention was found to be effective in childhood obesity management. - Compared with family-based behavioral group treatment, there was no significant difference between the two interventions.

One-hundred and fifty-two of the providers stated that they had heard of EC. The correct timing and dose interval of EC were known by 50% of them. The participants held the belief that EC caused abortion (39.4%), and that it was harmful for the fetus (31.1%). Other prejudices were the possibility of increased unprotected sexual intercourse (78.9%) and a tendency for men to give up condom use (75%); female providers were more prejudiced concerning these statements. The providers' tendency towards the provision of counseling was significantly related to their prejudices (p = 0.011, p = 0.033) and to the application rate (p = 0.000). Conclusion Providers need more detailed information about EC. During FP training courses, the providers should be encouraged towards counseling EC which would increase the application rate of the users and decrease their own prejudices.

BackgroundLectures supported by theatrical performance may enhance learning and be an attractive alternative to traditional lectures. This study describes our experience with using theatre in education for medical students since 2001.MethodsThe volunteer students, coached by experienced students, were given a two-week preparation period to write and prepare different dramatized headache scenarios during three supervised meetings. A theatrical performance was followed by a student presentation about history taking and clinical findings in diagnosing headache. Finally, a group discussion led by students dealt with issues raised in the performance. The evaluation of the theatre in education lecture "A Primary Care Approach to Headache" was based on feedback from students.ResultsMore than 90% of 43 responding students fully agreed with the statement "Theatrical performance made it easier to understand the topic". More than 90% disagreed with the statements "Lecture halls were not appropriate for this kind of interaction" and "Students as teachers were not appropriate". Open-ended questions showed that the lesson was thought of as fun, good and useful by most students. The headache questions in the final exam showed results that were similar to average exam results for other questions.ConclusionUsing theatrical performance in medical education was appreciated by most students and may facilitate learning and enhance empathy and team work communication skills.

Most of the mothers were unaware of SIDS and less than half preferred a supine sleeping position for their infant. Only 72% of health professionals recommended a certain sleeping position during family interviews. Health professionals are more often recommending the side sleeping position or prone. Education of families and health professionals for the risk factors of SIDS may reduce the number of deaths from SIDS in Istanbul.

Placental volumetry, uterine artery Doppler studies, blood flow calculations and biochemical parameters, such as f-β-hCG, PAPP-A, and IGF-1 could be important in the early and rapid diagnosis of high-risk pregnancies. Thus, they may be useful in first trimester prediction of fetal growth restriction presenting with alterations in PV and vascularity.

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal system examination findings and functionality among 5-16 years old population-based sample. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional field study. Sample of this study was selected from 4,246 participants of a study, which assessed the prevalence of obesity among school children aged between 6-15 in Pendik, Istanbul, in 2013-2014 school year. Physical examination included inspection, gait, balance, muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) assessment. Turkish version of Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was used. Physical examination findings and PODCI scores of "normal weight" and "overweight/obese" groups were compared. Correlation between body mass index (BMI), ROM and PODCI subscale scores were also evaluated. Results: A total of 318 children were included in the study. 39.3% (n=125) were normal weight, 61.7% (n=193) were overweight/obese. Pes planus was the most common musculoskeletal problem with a rate of 23.9%. We found that pes planus was more common (p=0.000), standing time on one leg was shorter (p=0.002), time to complete timed up and go test (TUG) was longer (p=0.004) and "happiness" subscale scores of PODCI were lower (p=0.000) in overweight/obese children compared to their normal weight peers. Range of motion values were decreased, especially on the lower limbs, in overweight/obese children (p<0.05) compared to normal weight children. Body mass index values showed a negative correlation with ROM and PODCI "happiness" subscale scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal problems are more common in overweight/obese children than in their normal weight peers. Increase in BMI correlates with decrease in balance, emotional functionality and ROM values. It may be possible to protect overweight/obese children from serious musculoskeletal disorders by interventions that reduce BMI.

A limited number of studies have investigated in detail the use of drugs during pregnancy. Researchers in the present study investigated the details of drug utilization in pregnant women during the month before pregnancy, at the time that they became aware of the pregnancy, and during the first trimester. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 359 pregnant women who were admitted to the fetal medicine unit at a university hospital for diagnosis and follow-up. A questionnaire was used to document sociodemographic characteristics and details of drug use. Drugs were categorized according to the US Food and Drug Administration fetal risk classification. Mean maternal age was 29.9+/-5.1 y, and mean gestational age was 19.6+/-9.5 wk. Many of the pregnant women studied (46.6%) were university graduates, and most (61.9%) had a relatively high annual income. Mean gestational age when participants first learned of their pregnancy was 39.8+/-16.4 d. One hundred seventeen participants (32.6%) used drugs during the month before conception, 54 (15%) at the time when they learned of their pregnancy, 180 (50.1%) at the time of the interview, and 289 (80.5%) during the first trimester. The percentages of drugs in categories D and X used by these subjects were 14%, 13.5%, 2.9%, and 5.9%, respectively. Most of the drugs were hormones. The total rate of drug utilization was not high before and during the first trimester of pregnancy. A considerable number of women were using drugs from the D and X categories; however, these numbers decreased significantly when women learned of their pregnancies. Intake of folic acid, vitamins, and iron was very low during the preconception period and was not high enough during the first trimester; this suggests that particular attention should be paid to the use of beneficial "safe" drugs during the preconception and early pregnancy periods.