Family-based behavioral group treatment and game (Kaledo) intervention were found to be effective in childhood obesity management in this research. There was no significant difference between the two interventions. According to this study, these intervention models can be advised to primary care physicians to be used in the management of childhood obesity. What is Known: - Family-based behavioral group treatment is known as the most efficient model for childhood obesity management. What is New: - In this study, for the first time, a game (Kaledo) intervention was found to be effective in childhood obesity management. - Compared with family-based behavioral group treatment, there was no significant difference between the two interventions.

Çocukluk çağında obezite hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde giderek daha sık görülmektedir. Bu nedenle obez çocuk ve adolesanların birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında değerlendirilmesi ve yönetimi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu derlemede çocuk ve adolesan obezitesine yaklaşımda bir birinci basamak merkezinde obez çocuk ve adolesanın değerlendirilmesinde gerekli klinik ortam, obezite yönetiminde gerekli araç ve gereçler, etkinliği kanıtlanmış etkili yöntemler özetlenmektedir.

Background/Aim: Multiple studies have investigated the effects of drugs that alter ACE2 expression, such as renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and thiazolidinediones, on the clinical course of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). But a consensus has not yet been reached, and it has been stated that they do not have any effect. There are publications in which metformin is associated with low mortality and insulin with high mortality. Data from different parts of the world are important given that the rate of spread of COVID-19 may be related to the expression status of ACE2 or TMPRSS2 receptors or some other unknown genetic factors. This study aims to examine the effects of medications used chronically in the last 6 months before contracting COVID-19 on the clinical course of COVID-19 in a sample of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, which included 525 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and November 2020 from four family health centers in Istanbul, the records of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to demographic information, all medications chronically used by the patients in the last 6 months before the diagnosis of COVID-19 were noted. The effects of demographic data and medications on the three main endpoints of the study, which were hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality, were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Of the 525 COVID-19 patients included in the study, 109 (20.8%) were hospitalized, 18 (3.4%) were treated in ICU, and 11 (2.1%) patients died. Increasing age is associated with hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality. Also, the presence of COVID-19 thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings and polypharmacy was associated with increased hospitalization. Living alone and the presence of COVID-19 thoracic CT findings was associated with increased ICU admission. When adjusted for age and comorbidity, logistic regression models revealed that medications for diabetes mellitus (DM) increased the probability of hospitalization (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-13.0), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) increased the probability of ICU admission (OR: 15.8, 95% CI 2.1–120.2) and mortality (OR: 295.1, 95% CI 4.6–18946.6). Conclusion: Previous use of DM medications and CCBs may negatively affect the clinical course of COVID-19.

Background: Age-related differences in Multiple Myeloma (MM) are studied in clinical and genomic context, however, transcriptome changes have not yet been determined. The aim of this study is to identify the genes that are expressed differently in young and old patient groups and to examine the relationship of these genes with biological pathways and the drugs that can be used. Methods: The MMRF CoMMpass cohort RNA-Seq data (n=634) was used to analyze differen-tially expressed genes between young and old patients. GO term and KEGG gene-set enrichment analysis were conducted using R packages. Drug-gene interactions were detected using DGIdb. Results: Globally, 523 genes (366 upregulated, 157 downregulated) were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) in young patients. Totally 220 GO terms, mostly related to immune regulation path-ways were enriched. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction gene-set was enriched in KEGG GSEA. Among the highest expression difference, genes involved in immune regulation (FCGR1A, FCER1G, TLR2), known proto-oncogenic genes (BCL2, FGR) and genes under in-vestigation for association with various cancers (RGL4, MT-RNR1, ETS2, ENPP3, FUT7, NTNG2, PRAM1) were identified. Drugs associated with the pathways affected by these genes were identified. Conclusions: Further investigation of differentially expressed genes in young patients may shed light on new treatment options.

This study aims to determine the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students studying at a public university toward childhood vaccines and investigate whether students' attitudes change according to sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination history, and perceived level of knowledge. Material and Method:This descriptive study was conducted with 83 students studying in the Department of Nursing at a public university in Konya between May 2020 and September 2021. The data were collected using the Information Form and the Public Attitude toward Vaccination-Health Belief Model Scale. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis non-parametric tests.Results: When the childhood vaccination attitude scores of the students were examined according to their sociodemographic characteristics, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between gender and the perceived barriers attitude score; between the economic status of the family and the perceived severity and perceived barriers attitude scores; the location of the high school graduated and the perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit and health motivation attitude scores. When the distribution of students' childhood vaccination attitude scores across their childhood vaccination history and perceived level of knowledge about vaccines was examined, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between having sufficient knowledge about childhood vaccines and the perceived barriers attitude score. Conclusion:Our study revealed that gender, economic status, the location of the high school graduates, and the perceived level of knowledge about childhood vaccines affect vaccination attitudes.