Han, H-S. (2022). Gallbladder reporting and data system (GB-RADS) for risk stratification of gallbladder wall thickening on ultrasonography: an international expert consensus. Abdominal radiology (New York), 47(2), 554-565.

Objective:We are presently going through a historic and unprecedented crisis for humanity with SARS-CoV-2 causing immense damage to life and world economics. It has been 3 months, since we had the first cluster in China and we felt the need to look into certain regional patterns of transmission of the virus with respect to some distinctive living conditions, incidence of malaria, the genomics of different strains, and its impact on severity.Material and Methods: Data for 107 countries was compiled and correlation analysis was done between incidence of malaria and number of SARS-CoV-2 cases. Possibility of genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and reported zoonotic RNA viruses found associated previously with some Plasmodium species was explored by utilizing NCBI database. Results:We found a significant inverse correlation between SARS-CoV-2 disease burden and incidence of Malaria. Our analysis also showed that a 12 base pair region encoding a part of surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 aligned with the Plasmodium associated zoonotic viral genome. Conclusion:Our analysis suggests a significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 disease burden in Malaria endemic regions and an inverse correlation with incidence of Malaria. The possibility of a pre-existing immunological memory for SARS-CoV-2 in Indians is possible and needs to be explored further

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This study presents the mixed convection inside a four-sided lid-driven square porous cavity whose right wall is maintained at a sinusoidal temperature condition, the left wall of the cavity is maintained at a cold temperature, while the top and the bottom walls are adiabatic. We have discussed two different cases depending upon the direction of the moving walls. Brinkmann-extended Darcy model is represented in terms of and using the stream function-vorticity formulation to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. This formulation is used to solve the governing equations as a coupled system of equations which consists of the field variables, vorticity () , stream function () , and temperature (T). The velocity components (u, v) are derived from the stream function () whereas the average Nusselt number is derived from temperature. The stability and consistency of the applied numerical scheme to the considered problem has been proven by matrix method. The numerical results are investigated by ranging the various dimensionless numbers such as Grashof number (10 3 ≤ Gr ≤ 10 5) , Darcy number (10 −1 ≤ Da ≤ 10 −5) , Reynolds number (10 ≤ Re ≤ 1000) and keeping the Prandtl number (Pr = 0.7) fixed.

Similarity solutions are obtained for unsteady adiabatic propagation of a cylindrical shock wave in a self gravitating, rotating, axisymmetric dusty gas with heat conduction and radiation heat flux in which variable energy input is continuously supplied by the piston. The dusty gas is taken to be a mixture of non-ideal gas and small solid particles. Azimuthal fluid velocity and axial fluid velocity in the ambient medium are taken to be variable. The equilibrium flow conditions are assumed to be maintained. The initial density is assumed to be constant. The heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier's law and the radiation is taken to be of the diffusion type for an optically thick grey gas model. The thermal conductivity and the absorption coefficient are assumed to vary with temperature and density. The effects of the variation of the gravitational parameter and the heat transfer parameters on the shock strength and the flow variables such as radial velocity, azimuthal velocity, axial velocity, density, pressure, total heat flux, mass behind the shock front, azimuthal vorticity vector, axial vorticity vector, isothermal speed of sound and adiabatic compressibility are studied. It is found that the presence of gravitation effect in the medium modify the radiation and conduction effect on the flow variables.

Objective. Repair of injured Achilles tendon in neglected cases is one of the difficult and challenging procedures for surgeon. Here, we share our experience with the use of two innovative techniques for repair of chronic rupture of Achilles tendon. Design. Prospective Study. Setting. Tertiary care hospital. Patients. Twelve patients with chronic Tendo Achilles rupture were followed up over a period of three to five years. Intervention. Patients were divided in two groups, A and B. In Group A, the repair was done with Gastroc-soleus turndown flap and weaving with Plantaris tendon graft and in Group B, with modified Kessler’s technique strengthened with the free plantaris tendon graft. Outcome Assessment. Clinically and by Modified Rupp Scoring system. Results. At an average follow-up of 4 years (Group A, 3.7 and Group B, 4.4 years), the majority of the patients had excellent to good results as assessed with Modified Rupp Scoring with few minor complications in both the groups. There was no significant difference in the baseline variables such as age and gender and also in the Rupp’s score between the two groups. Conclusion. The two techniques are novel and simple and have been found to be useful for repair of chronically ruptured Achilles tendon.

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In this paper, an unsteady 2-D incompressible fluid flow with heat and mass transfer in a four-sided lid driven square cavity is investigated numerically. The top, bottom, left, and right walls of the square cavity move to the right, left, downward and upward respectively. All four sides of the cavity move with a uniform velocity. The flow variables are simulated below the critical Reynolds numbers with isothermal and mass-transfer conditions in the square cavity. We have used a streamfunction-vorticity (ψ − ξ) formulation to investigate the fluid flow in terms of flow variables ψ, ξ , T and C at low Reynolds numbers (Re). The Prandtl number (Pr) and Schmidt number (Sc) have been chosen as 6.62 and 10, 50, 100, 150 respectively, in order to calculate the numerical solutions of T and C. The matrix method has been used to evaluate the stability and convergence of the numerical scheme. The conditions obtained from the matrix method have been used to arrive at the numerical solutions with desired accuracy.