Inflammasomes are cytosolic multimeric protein complexes that typically comprise a sensor, an adaptor and the zymogen, procaspase-1. Inflammasomes are a central hub for signaling and the regulation of innate immunity. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes further induce the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and 18 through the proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. A number of previous studies have highlighted the importance of the appropriate activation of the inflammasome in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Inflammasomes function as a homeostatic checkpoint to regulate the extent of inflammation in health and disease. Thus, further research is required to uncover the modulators and regulators of the inflammasome assembly. The enhanced knowledge of various strategies which may be used to regulate an excessive inflammatory response at the cellular and molecular level may lead to the development of more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease, as well as its associated systemic diseases.
Dental materials especially orthodontic elastics often get embedded in gingival tissues due to iatrogenic factors. If retained for a long time, inflammatory response starts as asymptomatic crestal bone loss and may progress to severe periodontal abscess. Unsupported orthodontic elastics used for diastema closure may result in exfoliation of teeth, while elastic separators may get embedded in interdental gingiva if banding is performed without removing it. These cases of negligence are detrimental for survival of affected teeth. This paper highlights a case of orthodontic elastic embedded in interproximal gingiva of a 23-year-old healthy female for 7 years after completion of fixed orthodontic treatment. Surprisingly, there was no clinical sign of inflammation around elastic band and it was removed easily without any local anaesthesia. However, mild crestal bone loss was observed on periapical radiograph. The gingiva healed completely after sub gingival debridement.
Cancer is second in all the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with more or less 13% in total deaths worldwide in 2018. Total deaths due to cancer in India was 7, 84,821 in 2018. Estimated number of people living with the disease is around 2.25 million and every year new cancer patients registered are 11, 57294 lakh. The number of recent cases is predicted to rise by concerning seventieth over consequent a try of decades. Globally, nearly one in six deaths is because of cancer. The present study was used to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on physical symptoms among patients receiving chemotherapy. The data from a sample of 20 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy admitted in shri guru ramdass hospital of Amritsar, Punjab. 10 patients in experimental group and 10 patients in control group were selected using purposive sampling technique. The results of the study showed highly significant difference in pre-interventional and post-interventional physical symptoms of experimental and control group. The Z value (Wilcoxon signed rank test) between pre-intervention and post-intervention in experimental group related to nausea was 2.897 which were found statistically significant at p< 0.05. The Z value between pre-intervention and post-intervention in control group related to nausea was 1.000 which was found statistically nonsignificant in control group at p>0.05. Hence, it was concluded that in control group physical symptoms were not relieved. The Z value between pre-intervention and post-intervention in experimental group in experimental group related to vomiting was 2.879 which were found highly significant at p< 0.05. Hence, it was concluded that progressive muscle relaxation technique has significant effect in relieving physical symptoms. The Z value between pre-intervention and post-intervention in control group related to vomiting was 1.000 which was found non-significant at p< 0.05. Hence, it was concluded that in control group physical symptoms were not relieved. The Z value between pre-intervention and post-intervention in experimental group related to pain was 2.899 which was found highly significant at p<0.05. The Z value between preintervention and post-intervention in control group related to pain was 0 which was found non-significant at p<0.05. Hence, it was concluded that progressive muscle relaxation technique has significant effect in relieving physical symptoms.
Menstruation is a normal physiological process in each in each girl's life. It is a monthly uterine bleeding for 3-5days after every 28days from puberty till menopause. A change in mood, behaviour and appearance are some of vague symptoms often noticed in the second half of cycle. But if the symptoms are severe enough to disturb lifecycle of women or require medical help, it is called premenstrual syndrome. India has one of the fastest growing youth population in the world with an estimated 190 million adolescent girls below 19 years of age, comprise one quarter of India rapidly growing population. During this period of adolescence, individuals move toward physical and psychological maturity and acquire their adult identity and therefore require special attention and care to cope up with the problems like PMS. For the present study Non-experimental approach and descriptive research design was used. The setting of the study was Dashmesh Parivar School, Amritsar. The Population of present study was adolescent girls. Study was conducted on 100 adolescent girls from Dashmesh parivar school, Amritsar (Punjab) who were selected by using purposive sampling Technique. A self-structured questionnaire was proposed to assess the knowledge and practices. Results revealed that majority 52% adolescent girls were from age group 12-14 years. Maximum 62% belonged to low income group and majority were from nuclear family. Mostly girls got information regarding PMS from family members. Most of girls 79% were having average knowledge and maximum 69% were having good practice related to PMS. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and practice. There was significant association of knowledge with socio demographic variables.
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