RT), precluding the use of these materials to practical implementations. [2][3][4][5]14] The ferromagnetic state in magnetic metaldoped oxides and nitrides is available at RT but is localized to aggregated metal oxide/nitride nanoparticles without a longrange magnetic order. [4] The ferromagnetic state in van der Waals 2D materials has been observed recently in the monolayer limit. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Intrinsic CrI 3 and CrGeTe 3 semiconductors reveal ferromagnetism but the T c is still low below 60 K. [20,21] In contrast, monolayer VSe 2 and MnSe 2 are ferromagnetic metals with T c above RT but incapable of controlling its carrier density. [22,23] Moreover, the long-range ferromagnetic order in doped diluted chalcogenide semiconductors has not been demonstrated at RT. [24][25][26][27][28] The key research target is to realize the long-range order ferromagnetism, T c over RT, and semiconductor with gate tunability. Here, we unambiguously observe tunable magnetic domains by a gate bias above RT in diluted V-doped WSe 2 , while maintaining the semiconducting characteristic of WSe 2 with a high on/off current ratio of five orders of magnitude. Figure 1a illustrates the schematic for the synthesis of V-doped monolayer WSe 2 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A metal precursor solution prepared by mixing V and W liquid sources at a given atomic ratio was spin-coated on SiO 2 substrate and the substrate was introduced into the CVD chamber with selenium. The metal precursors get decomposed into metal oxides at growth temperature, resulting in monolayer V x W 1−x Se 2 , followed by selenization. The atomic ratio of V to W sources in precursor solution can be precisely controlled from 0.1% to 40%, while the hexagonal flakes are retained in a monolayer form (the optical image in Figure 1a; Figure S1, Supporting Information). Meanwhile, the dendritic and multilayer flakes are partially generated at higher V-concentration. The V atoms are incorporated into monolayer WSe 2 with V/W contents similar to nominal values, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). With low V-doping concentration, the hexagonal V-doped WSe 2 flake is a single crystal confirmed by previous TEM study. [29] To study the doping effect of vanadium to the electronic properties of WSe 2 , field effect transistors (FETs) of V-doped mono layer WSe 2 were fabricated (Figure 1b). The CVD-grown pristine WSe 2 manifests a p-type semiconductor with a threshold voltage at −50 V. The threshold voltage is shifted to −10 V for Diluted magnetic semiconductors including Mn-doped GaAs are attractive for gate-controlled spintronics but Curie transition at room temperature with longrange ferromagnetic order is still debatable to date. Here, the room-temperature ferromagnetic domains with long-range order in semiconducting V-doped WSe 2 monolayer synthesized by chemical vapor deposition are reported. Ferromagnetic order is manifested using magnetic force microscopy up to 360 K, while retaining high on/off current rati...

BackgroundThree randomised controlled trials have clearly shown that circumcision of adult men reduces the chance that they acquire HIV infection. However, the potential impact of circumcision programmes – either alone or in combination with other established approaches – is not known and no further field trials are planned. We have used a mathematical model, parameterised using existing trial findings, to understand and predict the impact of circumcision programmes at the population level.FindingsOur results indicate that circumcision will lead to reductions in incidence for women and uncircumcised men, as well as those circumcised, but that even the most effective intervention is unlikely to completely stem the spread of the virus. Without additional interventions, HIV incidence could eventually be reduced by 25–35%, depending on the level of coverage achieved and whether onward transmission from circumcised men is also reduced. However, circumcision interventions can act synergistically with other types of prevention programmes, and if efforts to change behaviour are increased in parallel with the scale-up of circumcision services, then dramatic reductions in HIV incidence could be achieved. In the long-term, this could lead to reduced AIDS deaths and less need for anti-retroviral therapy. Any increases in risk behaviours following circumcision , i.e. ‘risk compensation’, could offset some of the potential benefit of the intervention, especially for women, but only very large increases would lead to more infections overall.ConclusionsCircumcision will not be the silver bullet to prevent HIV transmission, but interventions could help to substantially protect men and women from infection, especially in combination with other approaches.

In phase 2 of ZUMA-1, a single-arm, multicenter, registrational trial, axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrated durable responses at 2 years in patients with refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Here, we aimed to assess survival and safety in ZUMA-1 after 5 years of follow-up. Eligible adults with refractory LBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, and transformed follicular lymphoma) received lymphodepleting chemotherapy followed by axi-cel infusion targeted at 2×106 cells/kg. Investigator-assessed response, updated survival, safety, and pharmacokinetic outcomes were assessed in treated patients. The objective response rate in the 101 treated patients was 83% (58% complete response rate), and with a median follow-up of 63.1 months, responses were ongoing at data cutoff in 31%. Median overall survival (OS) was 25.8 months and the estimated 5-year OS rate was 42.6%. Disease-specific survival (excluding deaths unrelated to disease progression) estimated at 5 years was 51.0%. No new serious adverse events or deaths related to axi-cel were observed after additional follow-up. Peripheral blood B cells were detectable in all evaluable patients at 3 years with polyclonal B-cell recovery in 91%. Ongoing responses at 60 months were associated with early CAR T-cell expansion. In conclusion, this 5-year follow-up analysis of ZUMA-1 demonstrates sustained overall and disease-specific survival, with no new safety signals in patients with refractory LBCL. Protracted B-cell aplasia was not required for durable responses. These findings support the curative potential of axi-cel in a subset of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas. ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02348216

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Aim: To estimate the comparative efficacy of cemiplimab, a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, versus EGFR inhibitors, pembrolizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Patients & methods: We performed an indirect treatment comparison of cemiplimab and other available systemic therapies for patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Results: Cemiplimab was associated with benefits in OS (hazard ratios range: 0.07–0.52) and progression-free survival (hazard ratios range: 0.30–0.67) versus EGFR inhibitors and pembrolizumab (data from KEYNOTE-629). Cemiplimab was more efficacious versus platinum-based chemotherapy in terms of OS. Conclusion: Cemiplimab may offer improvements in survival for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients compared with existing systemic therapies.

Multiferroic compound ͑Bi 0.9 Pb 0.1 ͒͑Fe 0.9 Ti 0.1 ͒O 3 ͑BPFTO͒, having particle size of 15-25 nm, was synthesized by solution combustion method. BPFTO shows the coexistence of ferroelectricity and magnetism at room temperature. Significant enhancement in magnetic moment with moderate value of the electrical polarization is observed for nano-BPFTO. Remanent polarization and maximum polarizations were 1.056 and 1.866 C / cm 2 , respectively ͑at 20 kV/cm͒, with remanent magnetization of 285 memu/g. Such materials, possessing good value of dielectric constant and showing ferroelectric and ferromagnetism in same phase, are of great importance from technical point of view. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.3030989͔In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in multiferroic materials, which have simultaneously two or more order parameters such as ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and/or ferroelastic ordering. 1,2 Coupling between magnetic and electric ordering leads to electromagnetic ͑EM͒ effect. The EM effect provides an additional degree of freedom in designing of functional sensor, current devices, transducers, and multistate memory devices. 3,4 However there is a scarcity of materials exhibiting magnetoelectric behavior at room temperature, which is possibly due to the fact that the transition metal d electron, essential in the presence of magnetic moment, also reduces lattice distortion. Lattice distortion is essential in the presence of the ferroelectric behavior. The perovskite BiFeO 3 ͑BFO͒ is one of the few known magnetoelectric multiferroics in which ferroelectric ͑T c ϳ 830°C͒ and antiferromagnetic ͑AF͒ ͑T N ϳ 370°C͒ order parameters coexist up to quite high temperature. 5,6 In BFO, Bi-O orbital hybridization due to Bi 6s 2 lone pair is responsible for ferroelectric instability while Fe-O-Fe Dzyaloshinski Moriyaantisymmetric interaction ͑DMI͒ gives rise to complicated magnetic structure. 7 The structural properties of bulk BFO single crystal have been extensively studied and have been shown to possess rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure and space group R3C at room temperature. 8 The spontaneous polarization of bulk BFO was expected to be 90-110 C / cm 2 ͑Ref. 9͒ because of large atomic displacement and a high Curie temperature. However, a small polarization has been observed in bulk BFO single crystal 10 and BFO bulk ceramics, 11 and their hysteresis loops were not saturated, which were attributed to the high level of leakage due to charge defects and nonstoichiometry. 12 To overcome these leakage problems ion substitution 13,14 or solid solution with other perovskite materials 15,16 has been tried, and wellsaturated hysteresis loop with remanent polarization has recently been reported in single phase BiFeO 3 ceramics. 17,18 Stoichiometric BFO has a G type AF structure 19 and has residual magnetic moment due to the canting of magnetic moments arising from oxygen vacancies. 20 In the present work we report the synthesis and study of electric and magnetic properties of th...

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