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The effect of copper sulphate on differentiation and elongation of shoot buds from cotyledonary explants of Capsicum annuum L. cv X-235 was investigated. Shoot buds were induced on medium supplemented with 22.2 lM BAP and 14.7 lM PAA. Elongation of shoot buds was obtained on MS medium containing 13.3 lM BAP + 0.58 lM GA 3 . Both shoot induction and elongation media were supplemented with different levels of CuSO 4 (0-5 lM). The levels of CuSO 4 in the induction as well as elongation medium highly influenced the shoot bud formation and their subsequent elongation. Highest number of shoot buds per explant was obtained when the concentration of CuSO 4 was increased 30 times to the normal MS level. Shoot buds formation frequency i.e., the number of shoots formed per explant was increased two fold as compared to those formed on control. Elongation both in terms of percentage and length of shoots was better than that on control. Healthy elongated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 5.7 lM IAA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to field conditions.

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Portulaca grandiflora, an important medicinal plant was found to show the incidence of shoot tip necrosis (STN) in shoot cultures obtained from nodal explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3% sucrose along with 8 µM Kinetin and 4 µM BAP. This physiological disorder is primarily due to the deficiency of calcium and boron content in the medium. Thus in the present work varying concentration of boron which was used in the form of boric acid (0.1-0.4 mM), calcium gluconate (3-30 mM) and calcium chloride (3-30 mM) were incorporated in MS medium and its effect on STN was evaluated. The observations revealed that 18 mM calcium chloride was the optimum concentration for lowering STN in shoot cultures to 40% after four weeks.

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The cotyledonary node and nodal explants Stereospermum suaveolens DC. were cultured on Woody Plant medium (WPM) supplemented with individual BAP 2 -25 μM), Kn (2 -25 μM) and TDZ (0.1 -2 μM. Observations revealed that in both cotyledonary node and nodal explants, lower concentrations of cytokinins (BAP/Kn/TDZ) were effective in inducing proliferation response. The axillary bud of both the explants proliferated into single shoots which were further subcultured on fresh medium with respective concentrations for shoot multiplication. It was observed that multiple shoots developed only in presence of Kn (8 μM) in both the explants but the shoots developed from nodal explants were strong and healthy with average shoot number reaching to 3.8 ± 0.6 and length 5.4 ± 0.4 cm by the end of third passage. Rooting (100%) was achieved in microshoots when transferred to half strength WPM liquid medium supplemented with IBA (2 μM). The plantlets were transferred to different substrates for acclimatization.