High copper levels in the medium improves shoot bud differentiation and elongation from the cultured cotyledons of Capsicum annuum L.

Abstract

The effect of copper sulphate on differentiation and elongation of shoot buds from cotyledonary explants of Capsicum annuum L. cv X-235 was investigated. Shoot buds were induced on medium supplemented with 22.2 lM BAP and 14.7 lM PAA. Elongation of shoot buds was obtained on MS medium containing 13.3 lM BAP + 0.58 lM GA 3 . Both shoot induction and elongation media were supplemented with different levels of CuSO 4 (0-5 lM). The levels of CuSO 4 in the induction as well as elongation medium highly influenced the shoot bud formation and their subsequent elongation. Highest number of shoot buds per explant was obtained when the concentration of CuSO 4 was increased 30 times to the normal MS level. Shoot buds formation frequency i.e., the number of shoots formed per explant was increased two fold as compared to those formed on control. Elongation both in terms of percentage and length of shoots was better than that on control. Healthy elongated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 5.7 lM IAA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to field conditions.

An improved plant regeneration and Agrobacterium - mediated transformation of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

“…All the explants could achieve elongation well irrespective of their genotypic nature. GA 3 alone or in combination with silver nitrate/copper sulphate was found to be efficient for shoot elongation in different genotypes (Hyde and Phillips 1996;Golegaonkar and Kantharajah 2006;Joshi and Kothari 2007;Kumar et al 2007). However, unexpectedly in our work at higher GA 3 concentration (>1 mg/L), the elongated shoots of two cultivars (LCA-235 and Supper) appeared thin and weak which could not survive after hardening.…”

“…The callus induction at the cut end of cotyledonary leaves and leaf discs was observed and thus we preferred hypocotyls for further experiments. In pepper tissue culture, BAP has been highly effective in shoot bud induction than other cytokinins (Gunay and Rao 1978;Joshi and Kothari 2007;Sanatombi and Sharma 2008). The earlier reports of red pepper regeneration emphasized on a balanced auxin/cytokinin ratio for multiple shoot buds induction (Steinitz et al 1999).…”

Direct OrgaNogenesis from Cotyledons in Cultivars of Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan

“…Regeneration from cotyledon explants has been reported in several taxa [21][22][23][24]36,37] but it has been recorded in only a few species belonging to Citrus genus: adventive embryos formation in Citrus reticulata Blanco (Nagpur mandarin) and C. jambhiri Lush. (Rough lemon) [5], indirect somatic embryogenesis in C. reticulata "Local Sangtra" [38] and indirect shoot regeneration in C. grandis (L.) Osbeck (pummelo) [32,39].…”

“…Organogenesis from cotyledons was successfully obtained in Pongamia pinnata (L.) [21], Glicine max (L.) Merril [22], Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. [23], Capsicum annum L. [24] and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum.…”

Effects of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) on the growth of Spathoglottis plicata plantlets

“…However, it has been shown that for the root length and the number of rootonly plantlets treated with copper there was a limited increase, while in other treatments the result was worse than in the control (Khurana-Kaul et al, 2010). Joshi and Kothari (2007) reported that higher concentrations of copper in the growth media improved the induction and elongation of shoot buds in Capsicum annuum. Additionally, Jain and coworkers (2012) reported improved shoot bud induction in Stevia rebaudiana when the medium concentrations of MnSO 4 , KI and CoCl 2 were increased.…”