Background/Aims The varied prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth around the globe raises a serious knowledge gap in the available literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth and also to evaluate the different factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. Materials and Methods Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with predefined search criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth, and the secondary outcomes were the factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. Qualitative analysis was done using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale adapted for cross‐sectional studies. The random‐effect model was used for meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression analysis was done to evaluate the heterogeneity between the included studies. Meta‐analysis was done using the “meta” package of “R” language. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro GDT software. Results A total of 24 cross‐sectional studies met the inclusion criteria representing 4876 TDIs in 22 839 children aged between 0 and 6 years old. The overall prevalence of TDI in primary teeth was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.24‐31.43, P = 0, I2 = 99%). Falls contributed the highest number of TDI ‐ 59.3% (95% CI: 41.05‐76.40, P < .01, I2 = 98%) ‐ in primary teeth. The most common type of tooth fracture in primary teeth was an enamel fracture (61.9%), and prevalence of TDI in children with incompetent lip closure was 49.4%. Conclusion The prevalence of TDI in cross‐sectional studies of primary teeth was 24.2% with very low quality of evidence. Falls contributed the highest number of TDI in primary teeth, accounting for 59.3%. Children with incompetent lip closure have the highest prevalence (49.4%) of TDI in primary teeth.

Dental caries is one of the chronic irreversible diseases affecting the sound tooth structures, which have a direct impact on the quality of life in the children. 1,2 The decay in the primary teeth extending in enamel and dentin can be rehabilitated with different restorative materials. 3 The primary teeth with spontaneous pain history, however, need to be treated pulpally to relieve the pain and also to preserve the teeth functionally until its normal exfoliation. 4 The pulpectomy is the treatment of choice for pulpally infected primary teeth, which involves removal of the complete pulpal tissue, debridement of the root

Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity which presents clinically with burning sensation, leathery consistency of oral mucosa with palpable fibrous bands leading to reduced mouth opening. Though the evaluation of quality of life (QOL) in health care is gaining importance, researches regarding the evaluation of QOL in OSMF individuals are very sparse. Aim The aim of the present study is to evaluate the QOL assessment in OSMF patients through WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Methodology The study includes a total of 300 participants recruited from the outpatient department. The quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The raw scores for the physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environmental health domains were done on 4-20 scale suggested by the WHOQOL procedural manual. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the simultaneous comparison of mean scores for the four domains, and independent t test was used for the comparison of two means of domain scores. Results The participants with OSMF have a significant negative impact on the quality of life when compared with the participants without OSMF (P = 0.002). The environmental factors in the WHOQOL-BREF have shown a significant difference in the QOL of participants with OSMF than without OSMF (P = 0.001). Conclusion The oral submucous fibrosis has a negative impact on the quality of life in participants with OSMF specifically in social and environmental domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Keywords Oral submucous fibrosis Á Quality of life Á WHOQOL-BREF Á Oral premalignant condition Á Environmental health

ABSTRACT%Dental age is important for treatment planning in the specialities of pedodontics and orthodontics. Although, Demirjian's method was considered standard for dental age estimation, it may not be reliable for all population.Aim: The goal of the study was to evaluate the reliability of Demir-jian's, Haavikko's and Willems method of dental age estimation methods in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh, India) children.Study design: One hundred and two children of 6 to 14 years old who underwent panaromic digital radiography for routine diagnostic purposes were included. Dental age was calculated using Demirjian's, Haavikko's and Willems methods and compared with chronologic age for each patient.Results: Dental age showed a significant overestimation by Demirjian's method with a mean difference of 0.55 year and underestimation by Haavikko's and Willems methods with a mean difference of 1.95 and 0.20 year respectively when compared with chronologic age. The mean difference between dental age and chronologic age was not significant in Willems method which shows a close relation between dental and chronologic ages.Conclusion: The dental age estimation by Willems method is found to be more accurate than Demirjian's and Haavikko's methods in Visakhapatnam children.How to cite this article: Patnana AK, Vabbalareddy RS, Vanga NRV. Evaluating the Reliability of Three Different Dental Age Estimation Methods in Visakhapatnam Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):186-191.

The curved and dilacerated roots in the posterior teeth often present the major challenge to the clinicians during the endodontic treatments. The efficient biomechanical preparation is also affected by improper instrumentation in the curved or the constricted canals. The use of conventional instruments and techniques in the dilacerated roots may develop ledges, fractured instruments, and canal blockages which further complicate the endodontic treatments. The introduction of ProTaper Universal rotary instruments has made a significant impact in the biomechanical preparation of root canals systems. However, the fracture rate of these files and inconvenience to treat the posterior teeth in reduced mouth opening conditions limits their successful usage in endodontic treatments. The ProTaper Next rotary instruments have noted advantages such as increased flexibility, higher strength, and wear resistance over the conventional rotary endodontic systems. The current case series discusses the endodontic treatment of three severely curved root canal systems successfully treated with ProTaper Next rotary endodontic system.

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