The article presents a review of the research on green hydrogen from the social sciences, identifying its main lines of research, its problems, and the relevant challenges due to the benefits and impacts that this energy vector has on energy transitions and climate change. The review analyzes a corpus of 78 articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS, published between 1997 and 2022. The review identified three research areas related to green hydrogen and the challenges for the social sciences in the future: (a) risks, socio-environmental impacts, and public perception; (b) public policies and regulation and (c) social acceptance and willingness to use associated technologies. Our results show that Europe and Asia lead the research on green hydrogen from the social sciences. Also, most of the works focus on the area of public policy and regulation and social acceptance. Instead, the field of social perception of risk is much less developed. We found that little research from the social sciences has focused on assessments of the social and environmental impacts of hydrogen on local communities and indigenous groups, as well as the participation of local authorities in rural locations. Likewise, there are few integrated studies (technical and social) that would allow a better assessment of hydrogen and cleaner energy transitions. Finally, the lack of familiarity with this technology in many cases constitutes a limitation when evaluating its acceptance.

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Abstract. Current methods used to estimate people's evacuation times during a natural disaster assume that human responses across different social groups are similar. However, individuals respond differently based on their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and previous knowledge. This article develops the Response Time by Social Vulnerability 10 Index (ReTSVI), which is a methodology to estimate how human response time to evacuation warnings during a natural hazard is affected by considering characteristics related to both physical and social vulnerability. ReTSVI is a three-step methodology: first we calculate a population's evacuation curves considering social vulnerability level, certain demographic information and a model that describes an inundation hazard. Then, we use a mobilization model to generate evacuation maps per level of vulnerability and we also estimate the social vulnerability index for the area of study. In the third step, we 15 combine the results from the second step to generate a map that indicates the percentage of people that could evacuate a hazard zone according to their social vulnerability level. Finally, we provide an example of the application of ReTSVI in a potential case of a severe flood event in Huaraz, Peru. The results show that during the first 5 minutes of the evacuation, the population that lives in neighborhoods with high social vulnerability evacuate 15% and 22% fewer people than the neighborhoods with medium and low social vulnerability. These differences gradually decrease over time after the 20 evacuation warning and social vulnerability becomes less relevant after 30 minutes. Using a methodology such as ReTSVI allows first responders to identify areas where the same level of physical vulnerability affects distinct groups differently, providing them with a tool to quantify the differences in time to evacuate and where the resources before and during an evacuation should be preferentially allocated. 25

Este artículo tiene como objetivo una reflexión crítica de la capacidad de los modelos de comunicaciónde riesgos en la intervención de conflictos socioambientales. La investigación, de tipoexploratoria, tuvo como casos de estudio dos conflictos en torno a energía: termoeléctrica Castillae hidroeléctrica HidroAysén. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo-cuantitativo que utilizó grupos dediscusión, entrevistas semiestructuradas y una encuesta. Los resultados relevan dimensiones técnicasy reflexivas para una comunicación pertinente. En la dimensión técnica emergen: a) la gestión de lainformación con variables como integración, actualidad, significatividad y objetividad, y b) los modoso canales de información con las variables de accesibilidad, persuasión y confianza. Mientras que enla dimensión reflexiva se visibiliza la claridad y transparencia de la información con variables comosimplicidad, integridad, interactividad y la forma precisa, conveniente y adecuada para informar.

La dinámica social moderna ha generado riesgos y peligros, situación que se visibiliza en confl ictos socioambientales que emergen en distintos contextos socioespaciales, representando las tensiones existent es entre intereses contrapuestos. Una de las dimensiones sociales relevada por la literatura para gobernar los riesgos que genera la confl ictividad socioambiental es la confi anza, variable que modelos y diseños de intervención han tomado poco en cuenta. A partir de una investigación exploratoria integrada se levantó información a través de 6 grupos de discusión y 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas para analizar la confi anza, con el objetivo de evidenciar su incidencia en las relaciones entre actores sociales e instituciones públicas y privadas en los confl ictos Termoeléctrica Castilla e Hidroeléctrica Hidroaysén en Chile. Los resultados destacan que Competencia-Habilidad y Consistencia del Comportamiento (variables objetivas), así como Benevolencia, Integridad, Sentido de Justicia y Cumplimiento de los Compromisos (variables subjetivas), explican las relaciones, tensiones y salidas en los confl ictos analizados.

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