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-This study was carried out to estimate efficiencies of the utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance (k m ) and weight gain (k g ) and to evaluate the Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) model in predicting dry matter intake and average daily gain of growing Santa Ines sheep. Twenty-four non-castrated Santa Ines sheep, at 50 days of age and with average body weight of 13.00 ± 0.56 kg, respectively, were used. After a 10-day adaptation period, four animals were slaughtered to be used as reference for estimating initial empty body weight and body composition of the other animals.The remaining animals were distributed in a random block design, with the treatments consisting of diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy (2.08, 2.28, 2.47 and 2.69 Mcal/kg of DM), with five replicates. The metabolizable energy use efficiencies for maintenance and for weight gain were calculated from the relationship between the dietary net energy for maintenance and gain and ME concentration in the diets. Evaluation of the SRNS model was performed by adjustment of simple linear regression model between the predicted (independent variable) and observed (dependent variable) values. The estimated energy use efficiency for maintenance (k m ) was 0.70; and for gain weight (kg) it showed to be inversely proportional to the increase of metabolizable energy concentration in the diet. The dry matter intake predicted by the SRNS model did not statistically differ from that observed, but the model overestimated the average daily gain by 5.18%. Those results can contribute to the construction of a database, which could be condensed into several others in a predictive model of performance and feed planning for sheep reared in Brazil.

RESUMO -O trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a substituição do leite de cabra por soro de queijo bovino no aleitamento de cabritos alpinos. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 2, composto de quatro níveis de substituição do leite de cabra por soro de queijo (0, 15, 30 e 45%) e dois sexos (três machos e quatro fêmeas por tratamento). A inclusão do soro de queijo na dieta não afetou o desenvolvimento ponderal dos cabritos dos 7 aos 42 dias de idade. Os cabritos alimentados com leite de cabra apresentaram maiores pesos finais, em torno de Replacement of goat milk for cattle cheese whey in artificial feeding of Alpine kidsABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day.For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.

No abstract

RESUMO -Avaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes da dieta e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhos recebendo dietas contendo feno de capim-tifton 85 com diferentes tamanhos de partícula (5, 7, 10 mm e inteiro). Utilizaram-se quatro novilhos da raça Holandesa, castrados, com peso vivo médio de 300 kg e idade média de 20 meses, em delineamento quadrado latino 4 × 4, com quatro animais e quatro períodos. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, carboidratos totais e carboidratos não-fibrosos não foram influenciados pelos perfis granulométricos das dietas experimentais. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca diferiram significativamente entre as dietas com feno com partículas de 7 e 10 mm (67,31 e 54,95%, respectivamente). No entanto, os resultados obtidos com essas dietas foram semelhantes aos encontrados com partículas de 5 mm e com feno inteiro, cujos valores foram intermediários, com média de 63,62%. O tempo de alimentação dos animais não diferiu entre as dietas com feno em artículas de 7 e 10 mm e inteiro. O tamanho de partícula do feno de capim-tifton 85 não influenciou o consumo, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhos da raça Holandesa alimentados com dietas completas.Palavras-chave: fibra efetiva, perfil granulométrico, ruminação, ruminantes Intake, apparent digestibility and ingestion behavior in Holstein steers fed diets containing Tifton 85 hay with different particle sizes ABSTRACT -The intake, the apparent digestibility of nutrients and the ingestion behavior of four Holstein steers with average weight of 300 kg and 20 months of age, receiving diets containing Tifton 85 hay with different particle sizes (5, 7, 10 mm and whole) were evaluated. A 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design with four steers and four periods was used. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates and non-structural carbohydrates were not influenced by the different granulometric profiles of the experimental diets. The DM digestibility were different between diets with particles size of 7 and 10 mm (67.31 and 54.95%, respectively). However, these diets were similar to that with 5 mm of particle size and whole hay, which showed intermediate values, with mean of 63.62%. The total feeding time of the animals that received diets with particles size of 7, 10 mm and whole did not differ. The Tifton 85 hay with different particles size did not affect the intake, digestibility of nutrients and the ingestion behavior of Holstein steers fed total mixed ration.Key Words: effective fiber, granulometric profile, rumination, ruminants IntroduçãoA probabilidade de o alimento ser ingerido pelo animal depende da ação de fatores que interagem em diferentes situações de alimentação, comportamento animal e meio ambiente. O consumo voluntário é a quantidade de alimento que um animal ingere durante deter...

ResumoO objetivo foi analisar modelos não lineares para descrever o crescimento de cordeiros criados em três Sistemas de produção. Os modelos utilizados forram: Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Richards e Gompertz. No Sistema de produção 1 utilizaram-se cordeiros alimentados em "creep-feeding", desmamados aos 60 dias de idade e mantidos em pastagem cultivada até atingirem media de 20 kg, quando foram confinados, e abatidos entre 28 e 30 kg. No Sistema de produção 2 utilizaram-se cordeiros desmamados aos 90 dias e mantidos em pastagem cultivada, sendo abatidos entre 28 e 30 kg. No Sistema de produção 3 utilizaram-se cordeiros desmamados com 90 dias de idade e mantidos em área de pastagem nativa suplementados com feno de capim elefante e de leucena no período crítico do ano e abatidos aos 28 e 30 kg. Foram utilizadas 17 pesagens de 30 animais, sendo 10 animais para cada Sistema, do nascimento aos 450 dias. Com base no estudo das curvas de crescimento, as que melhor se adaptaram para predição dos resultados de crescimento foram as de Richards e Brody, entretanto nenhum dos modelos de curva simulados apresentou resultados satisfatórios para o Sistema de produção 3. Palavras-chave: Desempenho, produção, "creep-feeding", pastagem cultivada, pastagem nativa, manejo AbstractThe objective was to analyze nonlinear models to describe growth of lambs in three production systems. The models used were: Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Richards. In a 1 production system was used lambs in "creep feeding", weaned at 60 days old and kept on pasture until they reach average 20 kg, when they were confined, slaughtered between 28 and 30 kg. In the 2 production system, lambs weaned at 90 days and kept on cultivated pasture and slaughtered between 28 and 30 kg, were used. In 3 Production System, lambs weaned at 90 days old and kept in an area of native pasture supplemented with elephant grass and leucena, in the critical period of the year and slaughtered at 28 to 30 kg were used. 17 weights of 30 animals, 10 animals for each system, from birth to 450 days, were used. Based on the study of the growth curves that are best adapted to predict the results of growth were those of Richards and Brody models, however none of the models simulated curve showed satisfactory results for the three production systems.

The aim of this research were to study the effect of weaning age and weight on post-growing rate (PWG) (20.7kg and 17.6kg, respectively

RESUMO -Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar as características físico-mecânicas de couros de ovinos mestiços F 1 provenientes de cruzamentos de ovelhas deslanadas sem raça definida (SRD) com carneiros das raças lanada Texel (TE) e deslanada Santa Inês (SI). Foram avaliadas 22 peles de borregos abatidos com idade média de 240 dias e peso corporal de 21,93 ± 4,38 e 20,91 ± 3,40 kg, respectivamente, para os mestiços de TE e SI. Após a esfola, as peles foram pesadas, conservadas por salmouragem e salga e avaliadas no curtume. Inicialmente, foram curtidas ao cromo-estagio de wet blue e, posteriormente, dos couros semi-acabados, foram retirados do lado direito corpos-de-prova nas posições paralela e perpendicular ao eixo crânio-caudal das regiões paleta, anca e ventre, para a determinação dos ensaios físico-mecânicos de resistência à tração e ao rasgamento progressivo. O delineamento experimental para análises dos dados foi o de parcelas subdivididas, tendo como parcelas dois grupos genéticos e como subparcelas o fatorial 2 x 3 (duas posições e três regiões), com três repetições, sendo os valores médios comparados pelo teste de Tukey. Os couros dos ovinos deslanados mestiços SI apresentaram maior resistência aos ensaios de tração e rasgamento progressivo que o couros dos animais mestiços Texel, havendo, em ambos os grupos, diferenças significativas de espessura e resistência entre as diferentes regiões dos couros estudados. Concluiu-se que os couros oriundos do cruzamento do ovino lanado Texel com ovelhas SRD apresentam menor qualidade industrial que os couros de animais mestiços deslanados Santa Inês.Palavras-chave: cruzamento, ensaios físico-mecânicos, pele, qualidade do couro Physical-Mechanic Leathers Characteristics of Crossbred Santa Inês and Texel SheepABSTRACT -This work aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanic characteristics of crossed sheep leathers from hairy tropical crioula ewes mated with Texel wooly breed (TE) and Santa Inês (SI) hair tropical breed rams. Twenty two skin were evaluated from male sheep slaughtered at average of 240 days of age and 21.9 ± 4.4 and 20.9 ± 3.4 body live weight, respectively for TE and SI. After skinning, pelts were weighed, conserved in brine and salted and classified by quality before the chromium-tanned. From the leather obtained in this stage, called wet blue, samples were taken from palette, hind and ventral regions. From each region studied, three samples were taken in two directions for physical-mechanical analysis of tension and tear resistance. A split plot experimental design was used, where the two genetic groups were represented by the plots and a 2 x 3 factorial (two positions and three regions) by the split plots. Results showed that the SI leathers group had better resistance to tensile strength and distention assays than TE group and, in both genetic group, there were not significant differences among the different regions studied on leather. It was concluded that leathers from the crossbreding of Texel sheep wooly ram and crioula hairy ewes showed smaller ind...