Transfer of training research has been conducted on actual training systems to determine: ( I ) the effectiveness of present training; (2) whether the training can be improved; and, (3) how the training might be improved. The present paper includes some major methodological and analytical considerations in performing this research-the experimental and descriptive models to use in investigating and expressing transfer, cost effectiveness evaluations, and aspects of the training system to be included in the study. A number of conclusions are derived from the transfer research and some popular research themes are identified. Desirable features for an applied research program for military training purposes are presented. Problems arising from the w e of the transfer of training model are traced to operational constraints placed on experimental manipulation and control, and to the inadequacy of performance measurement systems. Solutions to these problems are discussed. One solution provides alternote methods to the transfer of training model for evaluating the effectiueness of a training system. Another approach recommends the employment of laboratory simulations of training or operational situations for transfer research.
30 male undergraduates performed a mock communication controller's task under 3 different instructional formats (short sentences, logical tree, and coding). Accuracy did not differ as a function of instructional format for 3 easier types of problems. However, for 2 more difficult problem types, coding resulted in significantly more accuracy in 1 case, while coding and short sentences showed significantly greater accuracy in another. It is concluded that (a) format variations mainly influence difficult tasks, (b) logical-tree superiority appears to be related to the number of conditions at a choice point and/or retention conditions, and (c) coding can be a potent technique.
t9KEY WOROS (Continue on leveso .sde /f necessary and identify tv block nurber) -The purpose of this study was to evaluate a prototype low cost cockpit procedures trainer (LCCPT) for the SH-3H aircraft.During Phase I of the study, pilots trained in the LCCPT were compared in subsequent SH-3H performance with a historical control group trained in Device 2C44, a much more expensive conventional cockpit procedures trainer. The LCCPT and 2C44 groups performed equally well in the SH-3H.For tasks practiced in the LCCPT, transfer of device training to SH-3H performance was 95 percent as estimated through a curve fitting technique. During Phase II, the adaptability of the LCCPT to student-directed instruction (+.e, -with --reduced--instructor -pr pat-onv was evaluated. The students developed required levels of proficiency, and they appeared able to identify weaknesses in their performance and to direct their practice toward overcomning them.NAVTRAEQUIPCEN 78-C-0113-3 PREFACEIn view of increasing fiscal limitations, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM) requested and funded the experimental development and evaluation of a prototype low cost cockpit procedures trainer (LCCPT) for the SH-3H aircraft.Under Naval Training Equipment Center (NAVTRAEQUIPCEN) contracts and direction, an LCCPT was cooperatively designed by Seville Research Corporation (now Seville Training Systems Corporation) and Appli-Mation, Inc., with participation by Fleet Project Teams from Helicopter Squadron One (HS-1) and Helicopter Squadron Ten (HS-1O), Naval Air Station Jacksonville and Naval Air Station North Island, respectively. The device was fabricated by Appli-Mation and finally experimentally evaluated by Seville Research Corporation under the contract with the NAVTRAEQUIPCEN. CaDtain P. Jasper and Messrs. J. Schreiber and R. Farris of NAVAIRSYSCOM provided valuable contributions, both technical and administrative, to various aspects of this project.The LCCPT was designed to provide comparable instruction for the same normal and emergency cockpit procedures as is provided by a conventionally designed, much more expensive H-3 helicopter CPT (Device 2C44).Costs for developing the LCCPT were approximately 25 percent of the development costs for Device 2C44. This amounts to a savings of over one million dollars for the experimental low cost device in comparison with its conventionally designed counterpart. Hence the designation "low cost."This report describes the acceptability and training effectiveness of the LCCPT under normal and modified conditions of use.Information was obtained for this purpose from two separate evaluations at two different operational sites (HS-1 and HS-1O).Results from the first evaluation indicate that the LCCPT does what it was designed to do.The LCCPT permitted training to be conducted with the same content and to the same level of proficiency, and just as quickly, as the more expensive, conventionally designed counterpart device. The second evaluation demonstrated that, with proper utilization procedures, the role o...
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