Formats for presenting procedural instructions.

Abstract

30 male undergraduates performed a mock communication controller's task under 3 different instructional formats (short sentences, logical tree, and coding). Accuracy did not differ as a function of instructional format for 3 easier types of problems. However, for 2 more difficult problem types, coding resulted in significantly more accuracy in 1 case, while coding and short sentences showed significantly greater accuracy in another. It is concluded that (a) format variations mainly influence difficult tasks, (b) logical-tree superiority appears to be related to the number of conditions at a choice point and/or retention conditions, and (c) coding can be a potent technique.

Growth and Collaboration in Massive Open Online Courses: A Bibliometric Analysis

“…The number of documents grew consistently from 2013 to 2019, reflecting increasing interest in, as well as relevance and importance of MOOCs. This finding was compatible with the studies reported by Liyanagunawardena et al (2013) and Zancanaro, Todesco, and Ramos (2015). Most research on…”

“…The boundaries of the search specified results published from the year 2009 to 2020. Although a bibliometric analysis on MOOCs was conducted by Liyanagunawardena et al (2013) and covered the initial introduction of MOOCs (i.e., 2008MOOCs (i.e., to 2013, it dealt with different questions and aims. From our search, Scopus returned 3,118 document results, and retrieved several terms related to MOOCs research including MOOC, MOOCs, MOOCAT, MOOCEP, and Mooc-topia.…”

“…Table 13 summarizes the 20 documents on MOOCs most often cited, based on the number of times each was cited. The two documents most often cited were the systematic study on MOOCs conducted by Liyanagunawardena et al (2013) in the early days of MOOC expansion, as well as another empirical study on how MOOC videos affected student engagement by Guo, Kim, and Rubin (2014). Other documents most often cited were literature reviews or those that addressed the issues of (a) learner disengagement, (b) enrolment and completion, (c) challenges, (d) quality, (e) motivation, and (f) pedagogy.…”

“…Review studies have not only focused on different time periods, but have also examined different research goals, perspectives, and contributions. Liyanagunawardena, Adams, and Williams (2013) presented the first systematic review of MOOCs literature. They looked at the period from 2008 to 2012, categorized 45 specific pieces of literature into 8 different areas, and analyzed on the basis of types of publications, year of publication, and contributors.…”

Human Factors Guidance for Writing Effective Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures

“…The health and safety community, as well as the scientific community, has generated several sources of guidance for generating SOPs. ,, However, although these sources provide important guidance on the content of the SOPs, they provide little on how to develop (e.g., format or sequence) these critical documents. Although many may assume this is a trivial issue, studies have found that ineffectively formatting an SOP can reliably increase the likelihood of unwanted behaviors. , Further, many may also assume that their existing procedures are sufficient because there has never been an incident or problem with them before. However, as part of our studies in the Next Generation Advanced Procedures (NGAP) Consortium (), we have found through both surveys and observations that workers deviate from procedures up to 50% of the time without any immediate or evident issue − even though some (but not all) of the observed deviations were deemed problematic and hazardous by subject matter experts.…”