Objetivos: Avaliar os fatores envolvidos na determinação da altura de fundo uterino (AFU) enquanto estimador do crescimento fetal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com 302 mulheres, de gestação única, idade ≥ 18 anos e idade gestacional máxima de 16 semanas no início do seguimento. A classificação do índice de massa corporal inicial seguiu os critérios de Atalah; o ganho ponderal, as recomendações do Institute of Medicine; e o peso fetal, curva de crescimento fetal brasileira. Resultados: A coorte apresentou intervalo interpartal, número de gestação e índice de tabagismo superiores aos recomendados (p < 0,01). O estado nutricional inicial foi prevalentemente adequado e o ganho de peso excessivo, no segundo e terceiro trimestres, alcançou aproximadamente 45% (p < 0.01). Observou-se a partir da 28ª semana associação entre a AFU com o estado nutricional inicial, o ganho ponderal materno total, o peso fetal, o volume do líquido amniótico na 36ª semana (p < 0,01) e a renda familiar per capita (p < 0,03). Conclusão: O estado nutricional da gestante, dentre outros fatores, pode dificultar o rastreamento do crescimento fetal inadequado baseado nas curvas atuais de AFU, sugerindo a necessidade de nova curva uma vez que os valores obtidos foram superiores aos das curvas adotadas.Palavras-chave: diagnóstico pré-natal, desenvolvimento fetal, ganho de peso.
Introduction: Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is an electrophysiological phenomenon used experimentally to analyze the direct modulation of the electrical activity of cortical neurons, and the dissemination of this wave may be associated with several pathological factors. Hyperprolactinemia is a pathological condition related to high plasma levels of prolactin, which, at normal levels, influences brain functions. However, high levels of this hormone can act differently in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin is an influential hormone in the central and peripheral nervous system, playing a cerebrovascular, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and neuroprotector regulatory role. Objectives: The objective was to analyze CSD in rats induced to hyperprolactinemia and treated with melatonin. Results: 64 rats were used, which were divided into two treatment periods (30 and 60 days), subdivided into 4 groups each: Control, Vehicle, Hiper (rats induced to hyperprolactinemia) and Hiper+mel (rats induced to hyperprolactinemia and treated with melatonin). After treatment, the animals were anesthetized for analysis of the CSD propagation velocity, which was calculated based on the distance between the two recording electrodes, and the time spent by the CSD to cover this distance. The recording was performed at the two parietal points of the right cerebral hemisphere, for a continuous period of 4 hours. The ANOVA results of the animals treated for 30 days showed that the control group had an average speed of 3.43 ± 0.11 mm/min and the vehicle 3.10 ± 0.04 mm/min. In the Hyper group, the mean speed was 3.38 ± 0.16 mm/min, while the Hyper+mel group had a speed of 2.21 ± 0.02 mm/min. As for the animals treated for 60 days, the control group obtained a speed of 3.21 ± 0.22 mm/min, while the vehicle 3.06 ± 0.17 mm/min. The hyper group 4.65 ± 0.16 mm/min and the hyper+mel 2.34 ± 0.19 mm/min. There was a significant increase in the hyper group compared to the others, and a significant decrease in the hyper+mel group compared to the other groups. Conclusions:It is concluded that hyperprolactinemia has a direct effect on increasing the speed of CSD, on the other hand, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin were sufficient to establish efficiency against hyperprolactinemia.
Aim: to analyze the literature about the influence of occupational exposure on fetal growth. Relating occupational aspects that interfering in the growth in question. Methods: this is an integrative review of relevant bibliographic production, considering the occupational, the occupational risk and the period of maternal exposure, in national and international journals, in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages, using the platforms PubMed, BVS and Scielo. Results: 13 articles were evaluated, which observed the exposure and the occupational risks of the parents on the fetal growth, according to the gestational outcome. There was a negative influence on fetal development of the parents' exposure to ergonomic, chemical and biological risks prior to conception and during pregnancy. Conclusion:studies that evaluate occupational exposure and fetal growth through instruments with specific specificity, sensitivity and accuracy are necessary, in order to establish the frank relationship between the occupational exposure of the parents and the fetal increase.
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