Introduction: Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is an electrophysiological phenomenon used experimentally to analyze the direct modulation of the electrical activity of cortical neurons, and the dissemination of this wave may be associated with several pathological factors. Hyperprolactinemia is a pathological condition related to high plasma levels of prolactin, which, at normal levels, influences brain functions. However, high levels of this hormone can act differently in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin is an influential hormone in the central and peripheral nervous system, playing a cerebrovascular, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and neuroprotector regulatory role. Objectives: The objective was to analyze CSD in rats induced to hyperprolactinemia and treated with melatonin. Results: 64 rats were used, which were divided into two treatment periods (30 and 60 days), subdivided into 4 groups each: Control, Vehicle, Hiper (rats induced to hyperprolactinemia) and Hiper+mel (rats induced to hyperprolactinemia and treated with melatonin). After treatment, the animals were anesthetized for analysis of the CSD propagation velocity, which was calculated based on the distance between the two recording electrodes, and the time spent by the CSD to cover this distance. The recording was performed at the two parietal points of the right cerebral hemisphere, for a continuous period of 4 hours. The ANOVA results of the animals treated for 30 days showed that the control group had an average speed of 3.43 ± 0.11 mm/min and the vehicle 3.10 ± 0.04 mm/min. In the Hyper group, the mean speed was 3.38 ± 0.16 mm/min, while the Hyper+mel group had a speed of 2.21 ± 0.02 mm/min. As for the animals treated for 60 days, the control group obtained a speed of 3.21 ± 0.22 mm/min, while the vehicle 3.06 ± 0.17 mm/min. The hyper group 4.65 ± 0.16 mm/min and the hyper+mel 2.34 ± 0.19 mm/min. There was a significant increase in the hyper group compared to the others, and a significant decrease in the hyper+mel group compared to the other groups. Conclusions:It is concluded that hyperprolactinemia has a direct effect on increasing the speed of CSD, on the other hand, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin were sufficient to establish efficiency against hyperprolactinemia.

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O conhecimento da morfologia macro e microscópica do trato intestinal do gavião de beira de estrada (Rupornis magniostris) pode trazer uma maior compreensão de seus hábitos alimentares, e auxiliar nas informações sobre as relações interespecíficas, uma vez que essas aves são predadores de topo, sendo importantes agentes bióticos na manutenção dos ecossistemas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar morfologicamente o trato intestinal do gavião-carijó. Para a análise foram utilizadas doze espécimes (seis para morfometria e seis para histologia). Os animais foram sacrificados para retirada do trato intestinal. Foi feito um corte para a divisão das porções e o material utilizado para a morfometria foi pesado em balança de precisão e medido em paquímetro de aço. As porções utilizadas para análise histológica foram processadas de forma padronizada utilizando-se os corantes hematoxilina e eosina e ácido periódico de Schiff. O gavião-carijó tem o trato intestinal semelhante ao das aves em geral, mas com ceco vestigial. O trato intestinal apresentou-se mais pesado e com a porção cólon/reto/cloacas mais longa que outras aves do mesmo grupo. Os intestinos apresentam epitélio colunar simples com microvilosidades, rico em células caliciformes e lâmina própria espessa, formando vilosidades alongadas. Ceco com grandes centros germinativos e na cloaca uma zona de transição epitelial tornando-se epitélio estratificado escamoso queratinizado. Assim, conclui-se que o trato intestinal do gavião-carijó possui características morfológicas e histológicas únicas que estão correlacionadas com seu comportamento e hábitos alimentares.

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