Background COVID-19 outbreak has drawn out institutions to closure with several challenges for university students of undergraduate level in Dhaka city including an emergency shift from traditional learning to online learning, which associated digital divide, left several arguments in response to technological inefficiency, pedagogic inefficiency of teachers, inappropriate study environment and so on. Previous literature shows that the COVID-19 is imposing a threat to mental health all over the nation since its spread. This study intended to evaluate the emerging reasons for psychological distress among university students of undergraduate level in Dhaka, also assess the execution methods, barriers of online learning, and lastly, the attitudes of students regarding online learning throughout the pandemic. Methods A mixed methodology was used to conduct the research. Primary data has been collected using simple purposive sampling on 180 undergraduate students, 9 interviews were taken including 6 in-depth interviews of different university undergraduates from Dhaka city and also 3 (KIIs) from specialists of pedagogy and medical anthropology, and a high official from Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). Results Based on the Kessler K-10 distress scale, the study found that the prevalence of no psychological distress (16.67%) followed by mild (40%), moderate (30.56%), and severe psychological distress (12.78%). Conclusion The results concluded considering several reasons for mild to severe psychological distress. The findings suggest some recommendations to accumulate the process of online learning effectively and also strategies to regulate the preferred mode of learning in future.
Women entrepreneurs with their creativity come up with new ventures for themselves and for others, thus discovering the answer to many of the firms and business problems. The Asian Developing countries have routed women led Micro Enterprises (MIEs) as an important part for economic growth and can be treated as an important pillar of national economies. They are the highest employment generators and a prospective instrument of poverty mitigation by creating self-employment avenues. The MSEs therefore have been considered as an important basis for the promotion of entrepreneurial potential and product innovation and has tremendous relevance for developing economies like Bahrain. This ongoing study investigated the characteristics of innovation and its influence as a success factor for female entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It started by presenting an extensive review of literatures in the area of entrepreneurship, particularly focusing on women entrepreneurs. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from small and medium enterprises owned by female entrepreneurs in Bahrain. The study made note of the fact that most of the respondent entrepreneurs (100%) established their own business for the reason that they are creative and want to start their own business with passion and zeal with, a strong linkage between innovation entrepreneurship and personality and psychology of innovator entrepreneurs". Product and Process innovation did play a very positive part in making the firms successful not only economically but also in building the brand image. From the study it came to be found that forming alliances, partnerships, outsourcing or subcontracting with different companies have drastically improved sales either through social media webpages or through direct and showroom sales. Women-led micro enterprises, however, need more funding from the Government of Bahrain. Training and Workshops are needed for the women for enhancing and sharpening their skills.
The increased usage of non-biodegradable packaging materials as well as ineffective recycling strategies results in greenhouse gas emissions, more harmful than carbon dioxide. This study identified consumer behavior and perception related to the increased use of plastic bags in transporting household goods from shops. Specifically, the study identified the status and effectiveness of the use of Non-Biodegradable packaging methods amongst retailing establishments in Budaiya and Saar area, in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of Use, Frequency, Recycling Strategies adopted, and the problems encountered in recycling and re-use packaging materials. Descriptive Study Method of Research was used in this study. Likewise the researcher also used the 5 point Likert's Scale in the Study. The respondents strongly agreed that there is high usage of plastic bags in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The reason given was, durability, cheaper price, lighter than other alternatives and easy storage. The rating of agree was given in terms of high frequency of single use thin plastic bags given to the customers than other packing methods, because of the shopping trips made frequently .The respondents moderately agreed that recycling strategies adopted by both the retail establishments and the consumers are in place in the Kingdom of Bahrain but indiscriminate use and disposal of these plastic carrier bags do pose a significant environmental threat to the country. Plastic carrier bags were found to be favored in transporting high-risk food products to avoid possible cross contamination. The most common challenge noted was lack of strict regulations concerning use of reusable bags, lack of awareness level among the citizens, and innovative recycling strategies. Consumers' perceptions and usage behaviors in connection with respective government's policies and implementation of recycling systems could be highly decisive in reducing the eco-impact of plastic and paper shopping bags.
In this blending of technology, pedagogy, content and knowledge, a theoretical principle has evolved known as TPACK which reflects the intersection among three domains of teacher knowledge: content, pedagogy and technology.
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