Cet article se focalise sur deux groupes de jeunes ouvriers du Madhya Pradesh (Inde), des urbains originaires d’un bidonville de Bhopal travaillant dans des ateliers de métallurgie et des ruraux effectuant des migrations cycliques entre les campagnes de l’État et les grands chantiers de viaducs. Basé sur un long travail d’ethnographie, l’article montrera comment les jeunes s’insèrent et se maintiennent sur le marché du travail grâce à un processus d’apprentissage qui les fait devenir ouvriers. On verra alors comment, devenus ouvriers, les jeunes développent certaines constantes dans la conception de leur condition de travailleurs journaliers et dans leurs aspirations sociales. Cela mettra en relief le fait que ces jeunes, venus de deux mondes différents et évoluant sur des marchés de l’emploi séparés, adoptent pourtant certaines valeurs communes quand ils sont confrontés à la vie précaire du travailleur journalier.
This paper is about Fair Trade and business ethics. It analyses data from fieldwork conducted in a famous Darjeeling tea plantation which practices biological and biodynamic farming and is labeled as Fair Trade. Its aim is to show how the plantation owner, using aggressive marketing of his engagement with eco-friendly and corporately-responsible management, has managed to regenerate an old patronage system more or less similar to industrial paternalism, but with its roots in colonial as well as indigenous domination structures. Disappointed by their unions, workers have had no alternative but to accept this form of governance, and some even acknowledge it as a good one. This case is a good example of how Fair Trade, which claims to empower workers, can be used to fuel a system which results in their disempowerment as social actors.
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